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The problem
Intervention: None; this is an observational study examining the natural association between short birth spacing and child malnutrition outcomes
Who it was tested with: 4,652 children from the 2017-18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, with propensity score matched sample of 2,062.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"PSM with four different distance functions, including logistic regression, classification and regression tree, single hidden layer neural network and random forest, were performed to evaluate the effects of SBS on MCFCM and ALOFCM." This quasi-experimental matching approach strengthens causal inference by creating comparable groups, making it stronger evidence than basic observational association.
Observational design cannot establish causation. PSM reduces but cannot eliminate confounding from unmeasured variables. Cross-sectional design prevents assessment of temporal relationships.
Across countries and designs
50 studies · 32 countries
