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The problem
Intervention: None—this is an observational study examining the association between existing child labour and cognitive outcomes
Who it was tested with: Ethiopian children tracked over time through panel data.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"Using panel data from Ethiopia and applying an instrumental variables estimator, we find a strong association of cognitive development with the amount of time previously spent by children on income-generating work, and with the amount of time spent on household chores." The instrumental variables approach strengthens causal inference beyond basic correlation, making this an experimental-tier design.
Observational study cannot establish causation definitively; specific effect sizes and ages of children not provided in abstract
Across countries and designs
25 studies · 23 countries
