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The problem
Intervention: None; this is an observational study examining mediating pathways
Who it was tested with: 278 male adolescents aged 14-17 in Medellín, Colombia (125 from juvenile detention facility, 153 from public school).
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"Path analysis (WLSMV) was conducted controlling for IQ, age, and SES, complemented by zero-inflated negative binomial modelling." The study identifies statistical associations between variables but cannot demonstrate causal intervention effects or prevent confounding from unmeasured factors.
No intervention was tested; this is an observational study of mechanisms. Cross-sectional design cannot establish temporal sequences or causality. Only males in one urban setting studied.
Across countries and designs
27 studies · 24 countries
