Search reports, ask a question, or jump to a page.
The problem
Intervention: None evaluated—this is an observational study examining natural exposure to COVID-19 stressors and associated parental factors
Who it was tested with: 2,664 French-speaking children (48.2% boys) born in Quebec, Canada between October 2020 and September 2021.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"This study investigated the longitudinal association between COVID-19 stressors and communication skills during the first 1000 days of life, and examined whether parental depressive symptoms, behaviors, and cognitions mediated this association." The study measures the same population over time with outcomes assessed at later time points, making it a prospective cohort design without a comparison group.
Observational design cannot establish causation. Limited to French-speaking Quebec population born during specific pandemic period. Does not account for all potential confounders or alternative explanations for communication skill variation.
Across countries and designs
50 studies · 32 countries
