Search reports, ask a question, or jump to a page.
The problem
Intervention: No intervention was tested; this is an observational longitudinal study examining natural developmental pathways
Who it was tested with: 3,757 Chilean children (1,858 girls, 1,899 boys) followed from age 3 to age 11.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test our mediation model in a sample of 3,757 Chilean children... measured when children were of 3 years of age (T1)... through the mediating effect... measured at age 5 (T2)... age 11 (T3)." The study employs a longitudinal design across seven years with multiple measurement points to trace indirect pathways between early predictors and later outcomes.
This is an observational study without random assignment or intervention; it identifies associations and indirect pathways but cannot establish causal effects. The study is longitudinal with potential attrition effects not reported.
Across countries and designs
40 studies · 42 countries
