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The problem
Intervention: No intervention was tested; this is an observational study examining natural changes in physical activity, screen time, and health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic
Who it was tested with: 1,711 German children and adolescents aged 4-17 years (mean age 10.36 years, 49.8% female, 76.8% healthy weight).
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"Relationships of all variables, from before to during COVID-19, were investigated through a path prediction model. Results showed all variables during COVID-19 were predicted by the respective levels before COVID-19, independent of gender and age." This design measures the same population before and after a natural disruption event, without testing a specific intervention, making it a pre-post observational study.
This is an observational study without an intervention or comparison group, relying on self-reported data. Causality cannot be inferred, and results reflect pandemic-specific conditions in Germany.
Across countries and designs
18 studies · 28 countries
