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The problem
Intervention: No intervention was tested; this is an observational study examining the association between nutritional status, dietary diversity, and academic outcomes
Who it was tested with: 345 primary school children aged 5 to 15 years in urban schools in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 345 children aged 5 to 15 y...Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with nutritional and academic outcomes." The observational design without intervention or comparison groups and the authors' explicit statement that "causal relationships cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study" means the evidence cannot demonstrate whether improving nutrition would improve academic performance.
This is a cross-sectional study that cannot establish causality; it only demonstrates associations. The findings are from urban schools in one region and may not generalize to other settings.
Across countries and designs
40 studies · 42 countries
