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The problem
Intervention: No intervention was tested; this is an observational study examining associations between childhood family violence exposure and substance use outcomes
Who it was tested with: 41,146 school-based students aged 10-19 years in a mountainous city in western Guangdong Province, China (mean age 14.8 years, 51.7% female).
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"We analyzed data from a cross-sectional school-based survey of 41,146 students aged 10-19 years conducted from October 2022 to March 2023... Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models were conducted, with adjustment for demographic and environmental factors." This is an observational study documenting associations rather than testing an intervention, so it provides descriptive evidence of risk patterns rather than causal evidence of intervention effectiveness.
Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference and temporal determination; cannot distinguish whether violence precedes or follows substance use initiation; single geographic location limits generalizability; self-reported data subject to recall and social desirability bias.
Across countries and designs
40 studies · 42 countries
