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The problem
Intervention: This is an observational study examining associations between violence exposures and ART adherence; no intervention was tested
Who it was tested with: HIV-positive adolescents aged 10-19 years ever initiated on ART (n=1060) across 53 clinics in 180 South African communities.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"Analyses examined associations between nonadherence and nine violence types using sequential multivariate logistic regressions. Interactive and additive effects were tested with regression and marginal effects." This observational approach identifies correlations between violence exposures and medication non-adherence but cannot establish causality, placing it at the practitioner evidence tier.
Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference; self-reported measures of both adherence and violence exposure subject to recall and social desirability bias; cannot determine whether violence causes non-adherence or non-adherence leads to violence or both are consequences of other factors.
Across countries and designs
13 studies · 11 countries
