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The problem
Intervention: This is an observational study examining natural pathways of intergenerational transmission; no intervention was tested
Who it was tested with: 185 adolescents (51% female, mean age 18.49) living with a biological parent, and their parents (95% mothers).
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Data came from a longitudinal study of maltreatment on adolescent development, and analyses focused on adolescents living with a biological parent. Biological parents reported on their history of CM and exposure to other adversities across their lifetime. Adolescents self-reported lifetime CM experiences and current depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and externalizing behaviors in late adolescence." The study used longitudinal measurement across multiple time points with validated psychological outcomes to examine transmission pathways rather than test an intervention.
This is a longitudinal observational study examining associations rather than testing an intervention; findings show pathways but do not establish causal mechanisms. The study cannot determine whether preventing parental emotional stressors would reduce offspring maltreatment risk.
Across countries and designs
13 studies · 11 countries
