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The problem
Intervention: None - this is an observational study examining associations between ACE patterns and mental well-being
Who it was tested with: 1,023 Spanish university students aged 18-64 years (71.6% female).
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"This study used a cross-sectional design. The ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were used to assess, respectively, childhood adversities and mental well-being. Latent Class Analysis and regression modeling were conducted to analyze the link between ACEs and lower mental well-being." This observational design identifies associations but cannot determine whether ACEs cause reduced well-being or test any intervention to improve outcomes.
Cross-sectional design cannot establish causation. Self-reported data subject to recall and social desirability bias. Results not generalizable beyond Spanish university context. No intervention was tested, so effectiveness of prevention cannot be determined.
Across countries and designs
13 studies · 11 countries
