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The problem
Intervention: PCV10 (10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine) vaccination
Who it was tested with: Children aged 1 month to 5 years in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand, hospitalized with pneumonia between January 2020 and December 2022.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"We conducted a retrospective case-control study using medical records from Maha Sarakham Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022. Cases were children aged 1 month to 5 y hospitalized with hypoxic pneumonia; controls were hospitalized with non-hypoxic pneumonia." This is a quasi-experimental design comparing exposed (vaccinated) and unexposed (unvaccinated) groups in a case-control framework rather than a randomised trial, placing it in the EXPERIMENTAL tier.
Retrospective design relies on medical record data quality; hospital-based sample may not represent community pneumonia burden; low overall vaccine coverage limits generalizability; potential residual confounding despite propensity score adjustment
Across countries and designs
12 studies · 20 countries
