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The problem
Intervention: Vaccination with 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10SII) compared with 10-valent (PCV10GSK) and 13-valent (PCV13) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
Who it was tested with: 716 infants from two randomised trials comparing PCV10SII, PCV10GSK, and PCV13.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Serotype-specific IgG levels were measured from serum samples collected at four weeks after the primary vaccination series and at the time of booster vaccination. We defined seroinfection as any increase in serotype-specific IgG between post-primary vaccination and the booster dose, indicating likely colonisation, subclinical infection, or disease. We compared the relative risk (RR) of seroinfection between PCVs." The study used a well-defined immunological marker and comparative analysis across randomised trial data to assess relative protection of different vaccines.
Study is based on immune response markers (seroinfection) rather than direct measurement of clinical disease prevention. Analysis uses data from trials originally designed to assess immunogenicity non-inferiority, not seroefficacy. No direct measurement of actual pneumococcal colonisation or disease outcomes.
Across countries and designs
12 studies · 20 countries
