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The problem
Intervention: Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) in childhood immunization programs
Who it was tested with: Canadian population, children and adults with invasive pneumococcal disease from 2000-2019 (37,921 isolates analysed).
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"This cross-sectional study included IPD isolates from children and adults with IPD across Canada from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019... PCV7 and PCV13 impact was assessed using generalized linear piecewise quasi-Poisson regression models." The study uses regression models on surveillance data across the introduction of vaccines to estimate their population-level impact, meeting criteria for an EXPERIMENTAL design as a quasi-experimental approach with temporal comparison groups.
Observational surveillance data without comparison to unvaccinated populations; cannot isolate vaccine effect from other confounding factors; serotype data completeness not fully specified; indirect effects may be influenced by vaccination coverage rates not fully reported.
Across countries and designs
12 studies · 20 countries
