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The problem
Intervention: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme (PCV7 from 2007, with subsequent introduction of PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20)
Who it was tested with: Children aged 0-17 years in the Community of Madrid with invasive pneumococcal disease.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"Epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data from the Notifiable Disease Surveillance System on IPD cases in children aged 0-17 years in the CM during the period 2007-2024 were analysed. A descriptive analysis was conducted by sex, age-group, clinical presentation, laboratory results, prior vaccination, and antibiotic resistance." The study presents a long-term surveillance analysis documenting the serotype-specific impact of vaccine introduction, showing vaccine-induced changes in disease epidemiology.
This is surveillance data without comparison to vaccination coverage rates or unvaccinated populations. The study cannot directly assess vaccine effectiveness, only describe temporal trends in notified disease. Reasons for serotype shifts are not investigated.
Across countries and designs
12 studies · 20 countries
