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The problem
Intervention: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV10 or PCV13) as part of Belgium's childhood vaccination program
Who it was tested with: Children aged 0-5 years in Belgium diagnosed with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) from 2019-2024.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"We conducted a retrospective cohort study including children ≤5 years diagnosed with IPD in Belgium from 2019 to 2024, using surveillance data from the National Reference Centre for invasive pneumococci and the PediSurv network." The study documents actual cases of vaccine failure and breakthrough infection in a defined population, establishing epidemiological baseline data from surveillance records without an experimental comparison group.
Retrospective design without comparison group; surveillance-based data may have incomplete vaccination records; unable to control for all factors influencing vaccine effectiveness; does not evaluate newer PCV20 vaccine.
Across countries and designs
12 studies · 20 countries
