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The problem
Intervention: Universal rotavirus vaccination program implemented in Sicily in 2012
Who it was tested with: Children hospitalized for suspected viral acute gastroenteritis in Sicily.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"We retrospectively studied 693 children hospitalized for suspected viral AGE at the Children's Hospital of Palermo (March 2017-February 2020)...Compared with the pre-vaccine era, rotavirus prevalence declined (32.6% vs. 13.3%)." The study compares the same hospital population measured before and after vaccination introduction, showing a significant reduction in rotavirus as a cause of severe gastroenteritis.
Single-site retrospective study; vaccination coverage rates not reported for the 2017–2020 cohort; comparison group is historical rather than concurrent; study does not assess severe outcomes such as mortality or long-term sequelae.
Across countries and designs
8 studies · 13 countries
