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The problem
Intervention: Not evaluated; this is an observational study examining associations between family conflict and child behavior problems
Who it was tested with: 1,281 caregiver-child dyads identified prospectively as at-risk for maltreatment and family violence exposure before age 4 (51.4% female; 74.6% persons of color).
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"Caregivers were interviewed prospectively about family conflict, children's aggressive and delinquent behavior, and children's victimization experiences at child ages 6, 8, and 10." The longitudinal design with multiple measurement points and cross-lagged analyses allows examination of temporal precedence and bidirectional associations, meeting experimental tier criteria for observational longitudinal studies.
The study is observational and cannot establish causation. Results apply to at-risk families and may not generalize to the general population. The mechanism explaining bidirectional effects remains unclear.
Across countries and designs
14 studies · 11 countries
