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The problem
Intervention: This is an observational study, not an intervention evaluation
Who it was tested with: 3,774 middle school students (mean age 13.58 years) in urban and rural areas of Chongqing, Henan, and Zhejiang provinces, China.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"A self-completion questionnaire was completed by students in the classroom setting. There were 3774 completed questionnaires." This descriptive observational study identifies associations between bullying experiences and psychosomatic symptoms but cannot establish causality or test an intervention.
Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference. Self-report questionnaires susceptible to recall and social desirability bias. No comparison or control group.
Across countries and designs
9 studies · 9 countries
