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The problem
Intervention: Measurement of prenatal organophosphate ester exposure via cord serum; assessment of neonatal gut microbiota and metabolome
Who it was tested with: 404 mother-child pairs from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"We analyzed 404 mother-child pairs from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort. OPE concentrations were quantified in cord serum. Meconium samples were profiled for gut microbiota and metabolomics, and behavioral development at 2 years was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire." This is a longitudinal observational cohort design that measured exposure prenatally, mediating mechanisms neonatally, and developmental outcomes in early childhood, with multivariate statistical models to examine associations and mediation.
Observational design limits causal inference; cross-sectional microbiome measurement at birth cannot establish temporal relationships; conduct problems measured by parental report questionnaire rather than clinical assessment; generalizability to other populations unknown
Across countries and designs
5 studies · 3 countries
