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The problem
Intervention: Measurement of antibiotic biomarkers in meconium with integrated analysis of infant gut microbiome and metabolome to identify mediating pathways
Who it was tested with: 300 mother-infant pairs from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort, China.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Linear and logistic regression models, negative binomial regression, interpretable machine learning algorithms, metabolome-wide association/pathway analyses and high-dimensional mediation modeling were used" with prospective measurement of prenatal antibiotic exposure biomarkers, infant microbiota profiling, and repeated neurodevelopmental assessments, enabling longitudinal analysis of associations and potential biological pathways.
Study is observational and cannot establish causation; requires independent replication and validation; cannot rule out confounding or alternative explanations; temporal causality requires longitudinal validation and experimental studies
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
