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The problem
Intervention: The study does not evaluate an intervention but rather analyses the association between existing exposures (child labour and poor caregiving practices) and child developmental and mental health outcomes
Who it was tested with: 251,681 children in low-to-middle-income countries.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"Data regarding child development, caregiving practices, and child labour collected through Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) by UNICEF were analysed. Multi-level modelling was used to determine factors associated with developmental difficulties, and anxiety, and depression symptoms in children." This is an observational analysis of survey data showing associations rather than experimental evidence of intervention effectiveness.
Cross-sectional design cannot establish causation. MICS data collection methods and quality vary across countries. No comparison of intervention versus control groups.
Across countries and designs
5 studies · 4 countries
