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Communications report of special procedures : communications sent, 1 June to 30 November 2020; replies received, 1 August to 31 January 2021 : joint report / by the Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living, and on the Right to Non-Discrimination in this Context; the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent; the Independent Expert on the Enjoyment of Human Rights by Persons with Albinism; the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Belarus; the Working Group on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Cambodia; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in the Central African Republic; the Special Rapporteur in the Field of Cultural Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Development; the Special Repporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education; the Special Rapporteur on the Issue of Human Rights Obligations Relating to the Enjoyment of a Safe, Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Eritrea; the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food; the Independent Expert on the Effects of Foreign Debt and Other Related International Financial Obligations of States on the Full Enjoyment of Human Rights, particularly Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association; the Special Rapporteur on the Implications for Human Rights of the Environmentally Sound Management and Disposal of Hazardous Substances and Wastes; the Special Rapporteur on the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders; the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons; the Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order; the Independent Expert on Human Rights and International Solidarity; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran; the Special Rapporteur on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons Affected by Leprosy and their Family Members; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Mali; the Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries as a Means of Violating Human Rights and Impeding the Exercise of the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants; the Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar; the Independent Expert on the Enjoyment of All Human Rights by Older Persons; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied since 1967; the Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Privacy; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance; the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief; the Special Rapporteur on the Sale and Sexual Exploitation of Children, including Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Other Child Sexual Abuse Material; the Independent Expert on Protection against Violence and Discrimination based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Somalia; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Syrian Arab Republic; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms while Countering Terrorism; the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; the Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially in Women and Children; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion of Truth, Justice, Reparation & Guarantees of Non-Recurrence; the Special Rapporteur on the Negative Impact of the Unilateral Coercive Measures on the Enjoyment of Human Rights; the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and consequences; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation; and the Working Group on the Issue of Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice

Letter dated 22 December 2020 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General and the Permanent Representatives of the members of the Security Council

Transmits copy of the briefings by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1988 (2011) and Shkula Zadran, Afghan Youth Representative to the UN, and of the statements delivered by the representatives of Belgium, China, Dominican Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Niger, Russian Federation, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, South Africa, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States and Viet Nam, in connection with the videoconference on "The situation in Afghanistan", convened on 17 Dec. 2020.

Letter dated 18 December 2020 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General and the Permanent Representatives of the members of the Security Council

Transmits copy of the briefings by the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to Resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia, the Chair of the Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict, the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Da'esh), Al-Qaida and Associated Individuals, Groups, Undertakings and Entities, the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to resolution 1988 (2011), the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1540 (2004), the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1718 (2006); the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya, the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 2374 (2017) concerning Mali and the Chair of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Conflict Prevention and Resolution in Africa in connection with the videoconference on "Briefings by Chairs of subsidiary bodies of the Security Council", convened on 16 Dec. 2020.

Communications report of special procedures : communications sent, 1 June to 30 November 2019; replies received, 1 August 2019 to 31 January 2020 : joint report / by the Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living, and on the Right to Non-Discrimination in this Context; the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent; the Independent Expert on the Enjoyment of Human Rights by Persons with Albinism; the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Belarus; the Working Group on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Cambodia; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in the Central African Republic; the Special Rapporteur in the Field of Cultural Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Development; the Special Repporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education; the Special Rapporteur on the Issue of Human Rights Obligations Relating to the Enjoyment of a Safe, Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Eritrea; the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food; the Independent Expert on the Effects of Foreign Debt and Other Related International Financial Obligations of States on the Full Enjoyment of Human Rights, particularly Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association; the Special Rapporteur on the Implications for Human Rights of the Environmentally Sound Management and Disposal of Hazardous Substances and Wastes; the Special Rapporteur on the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders; the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons; the Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order; the Independent Expert on Human Rights and International Solidarity; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran; the Special Rapporteur on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons Affected by Leprosy and their Family Members; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Mali; the Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries as a Means of Violating Human Rights and Impeding the Exercise of the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants; the Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar; the Independent Expert on the Enjoyment of All Human Rights by Older Persons; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied since 1967; the Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Privacy; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance; the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief; the Special Rapporteur on the Sale and Sexual Exploitation of Children, including Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Other Child Sexual Abuse Material; the Independent Expert on Protection against Violence and Discrimination based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Somalia; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Syrian Arab Republic; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms while Countering Terrorism; the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; the Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially in Women and Children; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion of Truth, Justice, Reparation & Guarantees of Non-Recurrence; the Special Rapporteur on the Negative Impact of the Unilateral Coercive Measures on the Enjoyment of Human Rights; the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and consequences; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation; and the Working Group on the Issue of Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice

Communications report of special procedures : communications sent, 1 June to 30 November 2018; replies received, 1 August 2018 to 31 January 2019 : joint report / by the Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living, and on the Right to Non-Discrimination in this Context; the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent; the Independent Expert on the Enjoyment of Human Rights by Persons with Albinism; the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Belarus; the Working Group on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Cambodia; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in the Central African Republic; the Special Rapporteur in the Field of Cultural Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Development; the Special Repporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education; the Special Rapporteur on the Issue of Human Rights Obligations Relating to the Enjoyment of a Safe, Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Eritrea; the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food; the Independent Expert on the Effects of Foreign Debt and Other Related International Financial Obligations of States on the Full Enjoyment of Human Rights, particularly Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association; the Special Rapporteur on the Implications for Human Rights of the Environmentally Sound Management and Disposal of Hazardous Substances and Wastes; the Special Rapporteur on the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders; the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons; the Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order; the Independent Expert on Human Rights and International Solidarity; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran; the Special Rapporteur on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons Affected by Leprosy and their Family Members; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Mali; the Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries as a Means of Violating Human Rights and Impeding the Exercise of the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants; the Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar; the Independent Expert on the Enjoyment of All Human Rights by Older Persons; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied since 1967; the Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Privacy; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance; the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief; the Special Rapporteur on the Sale and Sexual Exploitation of Children, including Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Other Child Sexual Abuse Material; the Independent Expert on Protection against Violence and Discrimination based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Somalia; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Syrian Arab Republic; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms while Countering Terrorism; the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; the Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially in Women and Children; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion of Truth, Justice, Reparation & Guarantees of Non-Recurrence; the Special Rapporteur on the Negative Impact of the Unilateral Coercive Measures on the Enjoyment of Human Rights; the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and consequences; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation; and the Working Group on the Issue of Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice

Communications report of special procedures : communications sent, 1 June to 30 November 2017; replies received, 1 August 2017 to 31 January 2018 : joint report / by the Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living, and on the Right to Non-Discrimination in this Context; the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent; the Independent Expert on the Enjoyment of Human Rights by Persons with Albinism; the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Belarus; the Working Group on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Cambodia; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in the Central African Republic; the Special Rapporteur in the Field of Cultural Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Development; the Special Repporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education; the Special Rapporteur on the Issue of Human Rights Obligations Relating to the Enjoyment of a Safe, Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Eritrea; the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food; the Independent Expert on the Effects of Foreign Debt and Other Related International Financial Obligations of States on the Full Enjoyment of Human Rights, particularly Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association; the Special Rapporteur on the Implications for Human Rights of the Environmentally Sound Management and Disposal of Hazardous Substances and Wastes; the Special Rapporteur on the Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders; the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers; the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons; the Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order; the Independent Expert on Human Rights and International Solidarity; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran; the Special Rapporteur on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons Affected by Leprosy and their Family Members; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Mali; the Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries as a Means of Violating Human Rights and Impeding the Exercise of the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination; the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants; the Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar; the Independent Expert on the Enjoyment of All Human Rights by Older Persons; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Palestinian Territories Occupied since 1967; the Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights; the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Privacy; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance; the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief; the Special Rapporteur on the Sale and Sexual Exploitation of Children, including Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Other Child Sexual Abuse Material; Independent Expert on Protection against Violence and Discrimination based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity; the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, Including Its Causes and Consequences; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in the Sudan; the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Somalia; the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the Syrian Arab Republic; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms while Countering Terrorism; the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; the Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially in Women and Children; the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion of Truth, Justice, Reparation & Guarantees of Non-Recurrence; the Special Rapporteur on the Negative Impact of the Unilateral Coercive Measures on the Enjoyment of Human Rights; the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and consequences; Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation; and the Working Group on the Issue of Discrimination against Women in Law and in Practice

Development of Thinking Skills in Early Childhood

This research aims to obtain empirical data on the effect of reading method and thinking skills toward intelligence language of early childhood. Thus the researchers wanted to investigate the causal relationship between the reading method and thinking skills with the intelligence language of children by giving treatment to the experimental group and compared it with the control group. This study used a treatment design by level 2 x 2 be In the design, each of the independent variables are classified into two sides, includes action variable that is reading methods (A) are classified into the Big Book Methods (A1) and Syllables Method (A2). Whereas moderator variables that is thinking skills (B), are classified based on high and low level into high-level thinking skills (B1) and low-level thinking skills (B2). ANOVA calculation results showed that language skills of children who followed reading activities by using the Big Book method is higher than the language skills of children who attend reading activities by using Syllables method. Thus, there is the effect of the application of the Big Book method and Syllables methods toward language skills of children.

Siti Aisyah

Economic Impacts of Gender Inequality in Niger

Reducing gender inequality could increase GDP per capita by more than a fourth in Niger by 2030. These significant economic gains would be generated by enabling women to have the same earnings as men and reducing fertility and thereby population growth. Investing in girls’ education and reducing child marriage are critical to achieve these objectives, as are investments to raise women’s participation in the labor force and their productivity at work. While the estimates of the gains presented in this study are meant only to provide orders of magnitude, they suggest that achieving gender equality could have major benefits and should be a top priority for the government. (Niger)

Appraisal Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet(ISDS) - Adolescent Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Pilot Project - P163923

Malawi