This study aims to analyze the dynamics of parenting styles and disciplinary behavior among children aged 5–6 years at TK Cinta Ibu, Purwakarta, focusing on how parenting styles are applied, the forms of disciplinary behavior that emerge, and the supporting and inhibiting factors involved. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving 10 children aged 5–6 years and their parents as research subjects. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to parents, observations of children's behavior at school, and documentation of activities. The data were then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, supported by source triangulation. The findings indicate that most parents adopt a democratic parenting style, as reflected in the practice of explaining the reasons behind rules, maintaining open communication, providing supervision, and consistently implementing rules. Nevertheless, parents' positive perceptions do not fully correspond to the conditions observed at school, as children still frequently require guidance and repeated reminders during activities, such as putting away toys and waiting their turn in line. Variations in discipline levels among children were also identified, which cannot be entirely explained by parenting styles in general. Overall, democratic parenting serves as an important foundation for developing early childhood discipline; however, its implementation still requires consistent habituation both at home and at school, along with close collaboration between parents and teachers to align children's disciplinary habits across both environments.
Luthfiyyah Dwi Julianti, Asep Kurnia Jayadinata, Gia Nikawanti
We quantified the association between rate of child development and pace of midlife aging in the Dunedin Study and the Add Health Study. Physical development was quantified in Dunedin participants ( N = 1,037; age 45) using a composite comprised of (1) birth weight for gestational age, (2) toddler weight gain, (3) timing of behavioral milestones, (4) adiposity-rebound age, (5) timing of adolescent growth spurt, and (6) tempo of adolescent growth spurt. Social development was quantified using the Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Multi-organ-system (cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, immune, dental, pulmonary) longitudinal biological aging was used as the adult outcome. Fast physical development in childhood was associated with faster midlife aging. This was replicated in Add Health ( N = 1,537; age range = 33–44 years), where girls who menstruated earlier had faster midlife aging. By contrast, faster social development in childhood was associated with slower midlife aging. Findings contribute initial empirical evidence characterizing the link between child-development rate and adult aging in humans.
The purpose of the examination was to determine the effects of the BMI on the onset of dental caries in children with primary dentition, and their interdependent correlation with the intensity of the dental caries.Material and methodology: For the realization of our study, we randomly selected 74 pre-school children (35 female and 39 male) which were at the age of 4-6 years and were enrolled in the primary schools in the city of Stip, and then they were divided into two groups: an experimental and a control group.In all examinees the BMI values were calculated .The calculation of the body mass(BMI) in % was done using a scheme according to gender, using the scale given by the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) and clinical trials were also carried out (dmf and intensity of dental caries).Results: The results of the study indicated that between the body weight of the children and the presence of dental caries for Pearson Chi-square = 2.80 and p> 0.05 there is no significant correlation.In the determination of the significance of the contribution of each component toward the presence of dental caries, it was found that malnutrition had the greatest influence (Wald = 2.06 / p> 0.05 (p = 0.15), then being overweight (Wald = 0.89 / p> 0.05 (p = 0.35) and the weakest influence was seen by the normal weight (Wald = 0.39 / p> 0.05 (p = 0.53).As a conclusion, we would say that decades of research focused on the identification of children with a high risk for development of dental caries and the detection of their cause is of paramount importance, and it has been proven that BMI is one of the most serious factors.
Journal covers almost all fields of Engineering, Applied Science.....
This thesis addresses the early-life origins and prediction of childhood asthma, the most common chronic disease in children worldwide. Asthma imposes a substantial burden on affected children, their families, and healthcare systems, and its origins are increasingly understood to extend back to the earliest stages of prenatal development. According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, adverse exposures and growth patterns during critical windows of fetal life can permanently alter organ structure and function, thereby programming the risk of disease later in life. Building on this concept, this thesis aimed to examine (1) whether embryonic and fetal growth patterns are associated with birth outcomes and respiratory health in early childhood, (2) whether prenatal exposure to bisphenols and phthalates, common endocrine-disrupting chemicals, is associated with respiratory and lung function outcomes from infancy to adolescence, and (3) whether early-life characteristics can be used to develop and validate prediction models for childhood asthma. To address these aims, data were used from the Generation R study and the Generation R Next study, two population-based prospective cohorts based in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, the WHEEP study, a multicenter cohort of preschool children with recurrent wheezing followed in secondary care, and the EU Child Cohort Network, an international collaboration of pregnancy and birth cohorts across Europe and Australia. The studies in this thesis show that variation in embryonic and fetal growth, and prenatal exposure to bisphenols and phthalates, are associated with respiratory health from infancy into adolescence, and that early-life characteristics can be used to build clinically meaningful prediction models for childhood asthma. Together, these findings support the relevance of the earliest stages of development, from the embryonic period onward, for the origins of childhood asthma, and illustrate how early-life data can be translated into tools that may ultimately contribute to earlier identification, monitoring, and personalized care for children at risk of asthma.
Suicide is a leading cause of death among young women and perinatal mothers. This paper explores how expectations of motherhood played a role in young women's deaths by suicide. I question the notion that motherhood is a “protective” factor against suicide. Using the concept of “intensive motherhood,” I interrogate how expectations of mothers became fatal. Through analysis of 31 young Australian mothers who died by suicide, three key themes are explored, centered upon the theme of “failing motherhood”: mothering without a father, mothering with mental illness, and the loss of care of children.
Education in the era of highly rapid digital development is a challenge for educators. Technology development encourages teachers to reform teaching and learning process and create updated education. This research aims to develop a digital Pop Up learning media for cognitive development of children aged 5-6 year-old. This was Research and Development (R&D) research using Borg and Gall development model. The developed media was validated by two experts and categorized highly valid (98%) by media expert and valid (87.5%) by material expert. Result of limited tried out involving 10 students of group B was 80% and categorized valid. Based on the finding, digital Pop Up media was effective as an interesting learning supporting means and appropriate to the development of 4.0 revolution era.  
The research aims to analyze the procedural learning design of JAWARA values integrated into qualitative research methods courses. The research subjects were 64 students. Descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques use questionnaires, observation, and interviews. The data analysis technique uses Miles and Huberman's interactive data analysis. The findings from research on procedural learning design developing JAWARA values include the values of honesty in using the Turnitin application; there are 25 students, or 39% excellent, and the fair values in using the Mendeley application. There were 32 students, or 50% excellent, the values of authority, namely lecture attendance. There were 54 students, or 50% perfect, trust values, namely collecting assignments. There were 61 students, or 96% excellent, religious values, namely praying before and after lectures. There were 49 students, or 78% perfect, grades -accountable value, namely the use of the Sipebi application, was 19 students, or 19% perfect; integration of qualitative research courses includes preparing qualitative research proposals, there were 34 students, or 56% outstanding, preparing research proposals there were 34 students or 56% excellent. Using the Sipebi application for spelling in Indonesian writing, there were 29 students, or 45% excellent. The learning design for the procedures for developing JAWARA values was excellent, and qualitative research courses were integrated well. The conclusion was that procedural learning design could be used to develop the integration of JAWARA values in qualitative research methods courses. Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis desain pembelajaran procedural nilai-nilai JAWARA terintegrasi mata kuliah metode penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian 64 mahasiswa. Metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, observasi, wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Temuan-temuan hasil penelitian desain pembelajaran prosedural pengembangan nilai-nilai JAWARA meliputi nilai-nilai kejujuran penggunaan aplikasi turnitin ada 25 mahasiswa atau 39% sangat baik, nilai-nilai adil penggunaan aplikasi mendeley ada 32 mahasiswa atau 50% sangat baik, nilai-nilai wibawa yaitu kehadiran perkuliahan ada 54 mahasiswa atau 50% sangat baik, nilai-nilai amanah yaitu pengumpulan tugas-tugas ada 61 mahasiswa atau 96% sangat baik, nilai-nilai religius yaitu berdoa sebelum dan sesudah perkuliahan ada 49 mahasiswa atau 78% sangat baik, nilai-nilai akuntabel yaitu penggunaan aplikasi sipebi ada 19 mahasiswa atau 19% sangat baik; integrasi mata kuliah penelitian kualitatif meliputi menyiapkan proposal penelitian kualitatif ada 34 mahasiswa atau 56% sangat baik, menyusun proposal penelitian ada 34 mahasiswa atau 56% sangat baik, dan penggunaan aplikasi sipebi untuk ejaan penulisan Bahasa Indonesia ada 29 mahasiswa atau 45% sangat baik. Desain pembelajaran prosedur pengembangan nilai-nilai JAWARA sangat baik dan integrasi mata kuliah penelitian kualitatif baik. Kesimpulan desain pembelajaran prosedural dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan integrasi nilai-nilai JAWARA pada mata kuliah metode penelitian kualitatif.
AimTo describe the relationship between emergency department (ED) diagnosis of infectious disease and immunisation status in children ≤5 years. We also aimed to demonstrate feasibility of proof‐of‐concept linkage between disparate databases.MethodsData from a cohort of 3404 children born in Southeast Queensland/Far North New South Wales between 2006 and 2011 were linked to Australian Childhood Immunisation Registry data and Emergency Department Information System data for presentations between 2006 and 2014. Immunisation status was assigned using the 2009 National Immunisation Program schedule.ResultsOf 1490 children (79% of those consented) with data on immunisation status, 87.2 and 84.6% were fully immunised by 12 and 24 months, respectively. Adding partially immunised children increased this to 93.2 and 91.4% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Nearly two‐thirds of all children made at least one ED presentation. Children presenting to ED with an infectious disease did not differ in immunisation status compared to children with other (non‐infectious disease type) presentations but were younger, more likely to live with other children and had a longer ED stay and higher admission rate. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was more frequently diagnosed in unimmunised children.ConclusionsIn an existing birth cohort, immunisation rates were lower than the national average. RSV was more prevalent in unimmunised children presenting to ED, but immunisation status was not significantly associated with other infectious disease presentations. Linkage between national immunisation data and Australian ED data is feasible and has the potential to identify previously unrecognised factors related to child immunisation status and health‐care utilisation.
