The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women and the incidence of stunting in children in Indonesia based on a review of several related studies. The research method used is a literature review by searching for research articles related to the topic of stunting and nutrition of pregnant women in Indonesia in the last 10 years from online databases. Relevant articles were collected and analyzed systematically. Several studies show that pregnant women with poor nutritional intake and status are at risk of giving birth to babies with stunting and low birth weight. Other factors such as diet, personal hygiene and infections also influence the nutritional status of pregnant women. Poor nutritional status of pregnant women contributes significantly to the risk of stunting in children. Optimizing the nutrition of pregnant women through supplementation, education and increasing access to nutritious food is important as an effort to prevent stunting from an early age.
Background: Child stunting remains a persistent public health challenge in Malaysia, despite ongoing efforts to improve maternal and child nutrition. Evidence suggests that maternal nutrition during pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding plays a pivotal role in shaping fetal growth and early childhood development. This narrative review aimed to synthesize current evidence on maternal dietary requirements and explores the potential of animated video interventions as a strategy for nutrition education and stunting prevention. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published from 2000 onwards. Keywords included maternal nutrition, stunting, energy and protein intake, micronutrients, and video-based education. Inclusion criteria targeted peer-reviewed studies addressing maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the use of digital tools for health education. Thematic analysis was applied to organize findings into three domains: nutritional determinants of stunting, maternal knowledge and practices, and animated video interventions. Results: The findings were thematically organized into three domains: maternal nutrition requirements, maternal knowledge and practices, and the use video-based tools for health education. Studies indicate that inadequate maternal intakes of energy, protein, iron, calcium, folic acid, and vitamins A, C, and D, are associated with intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational-age outcomes, the key contributors to stunting. Despite national guidelines, gaps in maternal nutrition literacy and practice persist. Animated video interventions have shown potential in improving maternal understanding, engagement, and behavior change. Studies demonstrate their effectiveness in enhancing maternal knowledge and dietary practices. Conclusion: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding is vital to child growth, with deficiencies in energy, protein, and key micronutrients linked to increased stunting risk. Despite existing guidelines, gaps in maternal knowledge persist. Animated video interventions offer a solution to improve maternal nutrition literacy and support behavior change, with potential to enhance stunting prevention outcomes.
Amira Farhana Azizan, Muhamad Ashraf Rostam, Mohd Ramadan Ab Hamid et al.
Stunting / stunted growth / nutritional stunting is a decrease in height growth rate as measured by the value of height by age under minus 2 standard deviations of the WHO child growth standards graph. In 2016 as many as 22.9% (154.8 million) of children under 5 years of age suffered from stunting and Indonesia is on the 5th place of country that suffers most from stunting. The main cause of stunting is unbalanced nutritional factors in quantity and quantity during growth period. Other causes are human factors (infant and child feeding practices, severe infections that cause wasting, subclinical infections, low birth weight babies and premature infants and social factors (household poverty, neglect of caregiving, unresponsive eating practices, inadequate child stimulation, food insecurity, limited health services, access to clean water and sanitation) Children can be predicted to be stunting by measuring height periodically since birth and most effective intervention to prevent stunting is to increase children’s diet quality. The government role as program and policy makers is to create a Kerangka Intervensi Stunting (Stunting Intervention Framework), namely Specific Nutrition Interventions and Sensitive Nutrition Interventions. In conclusion, stunting can be predicted and can be prevented. Provision of MPASI in accordance with WHO recommendations that are timely, adequate, safe and are given in right manner is a specific nutrition intervention that can prevent stunting Keywords: stunting, nutritional, growth.
The critical period for the growth and development of a child which is called the First 1000 Days of Life is influenced by the nutritional status of the mother during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Nutritional problems that can occur during this period are stunting (short). One of the programs included in the First 1000 Days of Life Movement (HPK) in an effort to prevent stunting is a specific nutritional intervention. In implementing the 1000 HPK program, there are several causes of stunting problems and lack of nutritional status in pregnant women, namely direct and indirect causes. Puskesmas has two problems that need to be resolved related to nutritional intake and health status with the success of the program, namely the provision of PMT. There are several factors that hamper the success of the program, including limited nutritionists, no guidelines and SPO on handling growth faltering, the planning process has not been carried out in a button up and not all specific nutrition interventions have recorded reporting. However, it is also a priority in the health center area to be able to reduce problems with indirect causes, including food security, social environment, health environment, and residential environment (Bappenas, 2018). Social support encourages mothers to get balanced nutrition during pregnancy. Inviting and involving pregnant women and their families to actively participate in managing the productive economy so that family income increases. In addition, the local government can increase the budget for nutritious feeding to pregnant women during ANC activities.
Introduction: The first “1000 days” is a critical period of opportunity for interventions to prevent stunting and other health problems. This paper describes a study protocol of a mobile phone-based nutrition education (MiNd) intervention on maternal, infant and young child nutrition. Methods: This is a six-months quasi-experimental intervention consisting of three phases; (i) Phase 1 - development of MiNd intervention modules, (ii) Phase 2 - evaluation of the effectiveness of MiNd intervention, and (iii) Phase 3 - a qualitative study exploring perceptions and experiences of the intervention. Discussion: Assessment of anthropometry, dietary intake, food security, mental health, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of food intake during pregnancy and breastfeeding will be evaluated during pre and post intervention. This is the first comprehensive mobile phone-based nutrition intervention study on pregnancy, lactation, and infant growth in Malaysia. The findings will be useful in modulating health intervention programme to prevent stunting and other health issues nationwide. Trial registration: NCT04606706.
Norshafawati Abd. Azimi, Bibi Nabihah Abdul Hakim, Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed et al.
Children with special needs are vulnerable in rural areas to nutrition problems, including stunting, due to limited access to health services and minimal nutrition knowledge. Article 11 of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health emphasizes the responsibility of the Central and Local Governments to provide access to healthcare facilities and health education. In this case, the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) can help monitor, diagnose, and intervene more effectively against stunting through accurate data analysis and timely recommendations. The objective of this study is to analyse the legal challenges related to child nutritional health, especially stunting in children with special needs in rural areas, and explore the potential of utilizing AI in addressing this issue. The research method used is normative juridical, using a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The results show that children with special needs in rural areas face various challenges in accessing health services and nutritional information. Limited access, lack of community knowledge about the importance of nutrition, and lack of effective intervention programs are the main obstacles. On the other hand, the use of AI can help in early detection and treatment of stunting through health data analysis, and provide appropriate intervention recommendations. The use of artificial intelligence has great potential in improving the effectiveness of child nutrition health programs and reducing stunting cases among children with special needs in rural areas. Collaboration between the government, health institutions, and technology is needed to implement this solution effectively and sustainably.
Introduction: Child nutrition issues remain a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, particularly stunting. Stunting is a condition in which children experience growth failure due to malnutrition, leading to long-term health issues and cognitive development problems. The current prevalence of stunting in Indonesia remains high, still exceeding the national target. This study aimed to describe family-based child nutrition services and family-related factors supporting stunting prevention among families with children under five years. Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive design. The study was conducted among 100 families with children aged 12–59 months in the working area of Karang Pule Community Health Center. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, family support, the role of health workers, and family-based child nutrition services. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: The findings showed that 60% of respondents had good knowledge, 70% had positive attitudes, 65% reported strong family support, and 55% perceived a good role of health workers. Family-based nutrition services were rated as good by 58% of respondents . Conclusions: Knowledge, attitudes, family support, and the role of health workers contribute to the successful implementation of family-based child nutrition services. Strengthening family participation and improving nutrition education may enhance efforts to prevent stunting among children under five years of age
Background: Childhood stunting remains a major global public health challenge driven by complex interactions among child health risks, nutritional status, maternal and early-life determinants, and socioeconomic conditions. Although the literature on stunting has expanded substantially, a comprehensive bibliometric mapping focusing on immunization, nutrition, and maternal determinants remains limited. This study aimed to map global research trends, thematic structures, and collaboration networks related to childhood stunting determinants. Methods: This study employed a bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed publications. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database in January 2026 using search terms related to childhood stunting, immunization, nutrition, and maternal factors. Eligible documents included journal articles and review articles published between 2010 and 2026 in English. After screening and data cleaning, 323 documents were included for analysis. Bibliometric indicators were analyzed using VOSviewer version 1.6.20, including publication trends, keyword co-occurrence, co-authorship networks, and thematic clustering. Results: The findings showed a growing volume of publications on childhood stunting determinants over time, indicating increasing global scholarly attention. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified four major thematic clusters: child health risk factors, maternal and early-life determinants, socioeconomic influences, and nutritional status and malnutrition. The term “stunting” emerged as the central keyword with strong links to child health, maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, poverty, and sanitation. The results indicate that stunting research has evolved into an interdisciplinary field integrating biological, maternal, environmental, and structural perspectives. Conclusion: Research on childhood stunting has developed within an increasingly multidimensional and collaborative scientific landscape. Bibliometric mapping highlights the need for integrated research and policy strategies that connect maternal care, nutrition interventions, immunization services, and socioeconomic support. Future studies should strengthen cross-country collaboration, expand interdisciplinary approaches, and address research gaps in low- and middle-income settings.
BACKGROUND: Child health indicators have substantially improved across the last decade, yet Afghanistan has among the highest child stunting and malnutrition rates in Asia. Multisectoral approaches were recently introduced but evidence for this approach to improve support for and implementation of child nutrition programmes is limited compared to other countries. METHODS: We reviewed policy and programme data to identify best practices and gaps surrounding child malnutrition in Afghanistan. We conducted a scoping review using broad search categories and approaches, including database and website searches, reference hand-searches, purposive policy and programme document request, and key informant interviews. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed iteratively, with abstracts and documents assessed against the final criteria. We abstracted documents systematically and summarised and synthesised content to generate the main findings. RESULTS: We included 18 policies and strategies, 45 data sources and reports, and 20 intervention evaluations. Movement towards multisectoral efforts to address malnutrition at the policy level has started; however, integrated nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions are not yet uniformly delivered at the community level. Many data sources capturing nutrition, food security and WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) indicators are available but indicator definitions are not standardised and there are few longitudinal nutrition surveys. Political will to improve household nutrition status has shown increased government and donor investments in nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific programmes through combined small- and large-scale interventions between 2004 and 2013; however, evidence for interventions that effectively decrease stunting prevalence is limited. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows a breadth of nutrition programme, policy and data in Afghanistan. Multisector approaches faced challenges of reaching sufficient coverage as they often included a package of food security, livelihoods and health interventions but were each implemented independently. Further implementation evidence is needed to aid policy and programmes on effective integration of nutrition, food security and WASH in Afghanistan.
Christine Kim, Ghulam Farooq Mansoor, Pir Mohammad Paya et al.
