Abstrak: Angka kematian ibu dan bayi masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan, disertai dengan tingginya kasus kurang energi kronis (KEK), anemia pada ibu hamil, komplikasi kehamilan, hingga bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) yang berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan ibu dan anak melalui edukasi yang mencakup deteksi dini risiko kehamilan hingga pemberian MPASI. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di salah satu Posyandu di Depok pada bulan Juli 2026 yang dihadiri oleh 25 peserta. Metode kegiatan mencakup pengerjaan pre-test, edukasi kesehatan dan pengerjaan post-test. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan rata-rata skor pengetahuan sebesar 18,4 poin. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa edukasi yang diberikan mampu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan ibu dan anak.Abstract: Maternal and infant mortality rates remain a public health issue, compounded by high rates of chronic energy deficiency (CED), anemia in pregnant women, pregnancy complications, and low birth weight (LBW), all of which have the potential to hinder children’s growth and development. This activity aims to improve maternal and child health knowledge through educational activities covering everything from early detection of pregnancy risks to the introduction of complementary foods. The activity was held at one Posyandu (integrated service post) in Depok in July 2026 and was attended by 25 participants. The methods of this activity includes a pre-test, health education and post-test. Evaluation results showed an average increase in knowledge scores of 18.4 points. These results indicate that the education provided was effective in improving knowledge regarding maternl and child health.
Laily Hanifah, Ulya Qoulan Karima, Anggi Angga Resti et al.
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan Buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) belum optimal karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader Posyandu serta rendahnya pemanfaatan buku oleh ibu hamil. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan kapasitas kader dalam pemanfaatan Buku KIA melalui Mentorship Learning Method (MLM) serta memperkuat pendampingan kepada ibu hamil. Kegiatan melibatkan 24 kader Posyandu, 8 ibu hamil, dan 2 bidan desa. Pelaksanaan meliputi koordinasi, penyusunan media edukasi, pelatihan melalui pemberian materi, diskusi, demonstrasi, role play, redemonstrasi, serta pendampingan intensif. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui pretest dan posttest menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan yang terdiri atas 20 pertanyaan, serta observasi keterampilan sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan. Indikator keberhasilan kegiatan ditetapkan berupa peningkatan pengetahuan pada 95% sasaran dan peningkatan keterampilan pada 80% sasaran. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proporsi kader dengan kategori pengetahuan kurang menurun dari 62,5% menjadi 0%, sedangkan kategori pengetahuan baik meningkat dari 20,8% menjadi 37,5%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan kader setelah pelaksanaan program. Mentorship Learning Method mendukung penguatan kapasitas kader Posyandu dalam pemanfaatan Buku KIA dan pendampingan kepada ibu hamil.Abstract: The utilization of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Handbook has not been optimal due to limited knowledge and skills among Posyandu cadres and the low utilization of the handbook by pregnant women. This community-based program aimed to improve cadres’ capacity to utilize the MCH Handbook through the Mentorship Learning Method (MLM) and strengthen assistance for pregnant women. The program involved 24 Posyandu cadres, 8 pregnant women, and 2 village midwives. The activities consisted of coordination, development of educational materials, training through instructional sessions, discussions, demonstrations, role plays, redemonstrations, and intensive mentoring. Evaluation was conducted using pretests and posttests with a 20-item knowledge questionnaire, as well as observations of participants’ skills before and after the program. The success indicators were defined as an increase in knowledge among 95% of the target participants and an improvement in skills among 80% of the participants. The results showed that the proportion of cadres in the poor knowledge category decreased from 62.5% to 0%, while the proportion in the good knowledge category increased from 20.8% to 37.5%. These findings indicate an improvement in cadres’ knowledge following program implementation. The Mentorship Learning Method supports the strengthening of Posyandu cadres’ capacity in utilizing the MCH Handbook and providing assistance to pregnant women.
Asri Widyayanti, Niluh Nita Silfia, Sri Yanti Kusika
Abstrak: Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) merupakan salah satu upaya dalam mendukung pemenuhan gizi dan pencegahan stunting pada balita dan ibu hamil. Program PMT membutuhkan perencanaan anggaran yang baik agar penggunaan dana dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan efisien. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kader kesehatan yaitu keterbatasan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menyusun Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) PMT dan menu PMT. Tujuan Meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader dalam penyusunan RAB PMT melalui metode partisipatif berbasis solusi melalui edukasi, diskusi, tanya jawab, dan simulasi penyusunan RAB PMT. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada 2 Juni 2026 di Kampung Saefen-42 dan diikuti oleh 10 orang kader kesehatan. Evaluasi menggunakan kuesioner dengan 10 pertanyaan Pretest dan Post-test, Hasil Pretest sebanyak 60% kader memiliki pengetahuan baik dan setelah posttest terjadi peningkatan menjadi 90% pengetahuan baik. Dengan demikian, terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan baik sebesar 30 poin persentase atau meningkat sebesar 50%. Kegiatan edukasi yang dipadukan dengan diskusi, handbook, dan simulasi mampu meningkatkan pemahaman kader mengenai penyusunan RAB PMT.Abstract: Supplementary Feeding (Pemberian Makanan Tambahan/PMT) is one of the strategies to support nutritional adequacy and prevent stunting among children under five and pregnant women. The PMT program requires sound budget planning to ensure that funds are utilized effectively and efficiently. The main problem in Saefen 42 Village is that health cadres have limited knowledge and skills in preparing PMT Budget Plans (Rencana Anggaran Biaya/RAB) and PMT menus. This activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of health cadres in Saefen 42 Village in preparing PMT Budget Plans through a solution-based participatory approach involving education, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and PMT budget planning simulations. The activity was conducted on June 2, 2026, in Saefen 42 Village and involved 10 health cadres. Evaluation was conducted using a pretest questionnaire. The results showed that 60% of cadres had a good level of knowledge at the pre-test, which increased to 90% at the post-test. Thus, the proportion of cadres with good knowledge increased by 30 percentage points, representing a 50% relative increase. The combination of education, handbook-based learning, discussions, and practical simulations effectively improved cadres’ understanding of PMT budget planning.
Petrus Yohanes Ismail Arwimbar, Septevanus Rantetoding, Karel Batmanlusi et al.
ABSTRACT We analyse the effect of women's empowerment and access to sanitation on health outcomes using panel data from 115 developing economies between 2000 and 2022. This study adopts a panel data approach and estimation techniques capable of handling cross‐sectional dependency and endogeneity issues. The results based on the Lewbel two‐stage least squares method indicate that, on average, women's political empowerment, measured with women's civil liberties, women's civil society participation, and women's political participation, significantly improves population health outcomes measured with life expectancy and maternal, infant and under‐five mortality. The findings also show that access to sanitation services significantly enhances life expectancy and maternal and child health outcomes. The study further demonstrates that women's political empowerment positively moderates the impact of sanitation on health outcomes, suggesting that in countries with better (higher) women's political empowerment, sanitation essentially leads to better health outcomes and vice versa. The results are consistently robust across different econometric techniques but differ across geopolitical regions. The outcome of the study is important to public health policies, as it underscores that policies that enhance gender inclusivity in the political sphere and access to sanitation services would be valuable for improving population health outcomes in developing countries.
Alex Opoku Acheampong, Eric Evans Osei Opoku, Janet Dzator
Background. Famine-like conditions resulting from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine have created an acute humanitarian crisis with serious long-term metabolic health implications. Drawing on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework and historical evidence from the Holodomor (1932–1933), this review examines the emerging association between war-induced nutritional deprivation and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Ukraine between 2022 and 2024. Materials and methods. This narrative review synthesized data from national health records, regional hospital reports, humanitarian organization assessments (World Food Programme, UNICEF, Médecins Sans Frontières), birth cohort studies from three Ukrainian perinatal centers, and peer-reviewed literature on famine-related metabolic outcomes. Sources were identified through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases as well as official reports from the Ukrainian Ministry of Health and international humanitarian agencies. Results. Hospitals in eastern and southern regions reported a 25–30 % increase in newly diagnosed adult-onset T2DM between mid-2022 and late 2023. Up to 80 % of diabetic patients in conflict-affected zones were forced to self-fund medications due to healthcare system collapse. Preliminary birth cohort data (n = 1,500+) from three perinatal centers revealed elevated HOMA-IR scores, reduced C-peptide levels, and early signs of metabolic syndrome in infants by 12 months of age. Case studies from Mariupol documented gestational diabetes mellitus incidence exceeding 40 % and body mass index drops of 3–6 kg/m2 in pregnant women. In Kharkiv, screening programs identified a 45 % increase in pre-diabetes cases and elevated fasting glucose in children aged 5–10 years. Biological mechanisms identified include impaired pancreatic β-cell development, activation of the thrifty phenotype, chronic low-grade inflammation, HPA axis dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction — all driven by prenatal and early-life undernutrition. Conclusions. The convergence of famine, chronic psychosocial stress, and healthcare collapse has accelerated T2DM onset and created conditions for a generational metabolic epidemic in Ukraine. Urgent, long-term public health strategies integrating nutritional rehabilitation, early metabolic screening, and mental health support are required to prevent a chronic disease crisis in future decades.
Христина Козловська, Alina Urbanovych, Федір Ланюш
Undernutrition and infectious diseases pose a double threat to child survival, especially in areas with a high malnutrition burden and low vaccination coverage. In this study, we evaluated whether distributing preventive small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) alongside routine immunization services may increase vaccine uptake in a pediatric, pragmatic, cluster-randomized controlled trial in northern Nigeria. Twenty geographically defined clusters across two Local Government Areas were randomized 1:1 to the NutriVax strategy (intervention) or standard National Program of Immunization (NPI) services (control). NutriVax provided a monthly ration of SQ-LNS to children aged 6-23 months after routine NPI delivery at primary healthcare centers. The primary outcome was coverage of the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) verified by vaccination card among children aged 12-23 months, assessed in an endline population-based household cross-sectional survey 12 months after conducting a similar baseline survey. The endline survey included 1,604 children (801 control, 803 NutriVax); 48% of children surveyed in intervention clusters had ever received SQ-LNS. The odds of receiving card-verified MCV1 were two times higher in the NutriVax arm than in the control arm (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-3.35, P = 0.004). The difference-in-differences, cluster conditional analysis indicated a 20.1 percentage-point (pp) increase in MCV1 coverage from baseline (95% CI: 13.7-26.5 pp, P < 0.0001) relative to the control arm. Co-delivering SQ-LNS with routine immunization substantially improved card-verified MCV1 uptake, supporting a scalable strategy to make progress toward targets set by the World Health Organization's Immunization Agenda 2030 in similar settings. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06387511 .
Cécile Cazes, Baba Waru Goni, Delphine Gabillard et al.
Clear socio-demographic pattern is observed in the emergence and transition of the double burden of malnutrition at community level. However, co-existence of underweight and overweight problems in the same household appears to be perplexing, being associated with completely diverse factors. Hence, this study examines the prevalence and progression of underweight child/overweight mother (UCOM) and stunted child/overweight mother (SCOM) pairs in India across selected socio-economic and demographic factors. Mother-child pairs from NFHS-3 (2005-06), NFHS-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21) were analysed, which comprised of mothers aged 15–49 years and children aged 1–4 years. The Asian population-specific Body Mass Index classification (WHO, 2004) was used for evaluating maternal nutritional status. Children having Z-scores lower than two SD below the average for weight-for-age and height-for-age were considered to measure underweight and stunting respectively. Descriptive analysis show that prevalence of UCOM and SCOM pairs have doubled in India between 2005 and 2021, which is indeed concerning. Even though household level double burden of malnutrition is closely associated with factors determining maternal overweight, the rural-urban and rich-poor gap have reduced, signalling towards trickling down of overweight problems towards rural and underprivileged sections. The results from the logistic regression analyses across three NFHS rounds, demonstrate that nutrition transition is effective primarily among adult population. The rise in UCOM and SCOM proportions across socio-culturally and economically diverse states of India demands researchers and policy makers must delve deeper into the issue focusing upon intra-household dynamics and child feeding practices leading to such paradoxical mother-child nutritional pairs.
Angan Sengupta, Sneh Shrivastava, Bikram Barman et al.
Soil-transmitted helminth infections remain an important public health problem among children in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the prevalence of these infections among pupils attending two primary schools in Bonny and Finima communities, Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. Stool samples were examined using the formalin–ether concentration technique to recover helminth eggs and cysts.
Nkeiruka Adaeze Chijioke, peter ulim-ujuo-ushang Ikor, Ikechukwu Chijioke
Child malnutrition is a major health issue in Nigeria, particularly in rural areas like Bayelsa State. This study compares the nutritional status of under-five children and caregivers in Agudama-Epie (a UNICEF-intervened community) and Amasoma (a non-intervened community). Using a cross-sectional design, data was collected from 202 caregiver-child pairs through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements following WHO standards. Results showed malnutrition was prevalent in both communities, but lower in Agudama-Epie, with better hygiene, diet diversification, and feeding habits. Stunting, wasting, and underweight rates were relatively lower in Agudama-Epie. In contrast, Amasoma had higher malnutrition rates linked to poor breastfeeding, low dietary variety, inadequate sanitation, and increased disease burden. The study also found malnutrition is a dual burden, with underweight and overweight cases coexisting in families, reflecting a mix of BMI patterns among caregivers. The study concludes that government and NGO nutrition interventions can reduce undernutrition among under-five children. Sustainability requires combined efforts in caregiver education, poverty reduction, and environmental health enhancement. These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to address malnutrition in vulnerable communities.
Young children require optimal nutritional intake, including through the selection of safe and nutritious snacks at childcare centers. Snacks that are visually appealing in terms of color, shape, and taste do not necessarily guarantee safety or nutritional quality; therefore, educating caregivers and those supervising the children is essential. This community service activity aimed to enhance the knowledge, awareness, and skills of caregivers regarding the selection and provision of snacks that are safe, nutritious, and suited to children's needs. The activity was conducted at the Sahabat Hati Childcare Center on June 26, 2026, employing educational, participatory, and demonstrative approaches that included briefings, discussions, practical snack identification exercises, and an introduction to food labeling. Evaluation was carried out using pre-tests and post-tests to measure changes in participants' knowledge. The results showed that the average participant knowledge score rose from 49% in the pre-test to 91% in the post-test, representing an increase of 42 percentage points. The most significant improvements were observed in the understanding that appealing snacks are not necessarily healthy and in the recognition of harmful food colorings, with each area showing a 50-percentage-point increase. This activity successfully improved participants' knowledge regarding healthy snack selection and is expected to support the formation of healthy eating habits and efforts to prevent nutritional issues, including stunting.
Siti Masdah, Nita Putriasti Mayarestya, Ayu Diana Meilantika et al.
