ABSTRACT: Gun violence against children in the United States (U.S.) is a public health crisis which violates the human rights of its victims, resulting in lasting morbidity and death. Firearm-related injury is the leading cause of death for children under eighteen years old in the U.S. We use the United Nations (UN) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and UN Sustainable Development Goals to analyze gun violence against children in the U.S. from a human rights perspective. We recommend to 1) ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, establishing a framework for comprehensive gun law reform, 2) partner with the UN Special Representative for the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children to draft policy, 3) increase gun violence research funding, and 4) implement evidence-based community violence prevention programs.
Mark T. Yost, Kasey Fernandez, Etoile Nelson et al.
The study concerns various possible ways of reporting violence against children by adults at school, divided into the school level and the external level procedures. Procedures for dealing with adult violence against children at school are specified in school regulations, while external mechanisms can be found, inter alia, in the Act on the Education System and the Children’s Ombudsman Act. The state mainly monitors school life and violence prevention in schools through Education Office supervision. The author notes that the available data on adult violence against children at school is not representative and that research on this issue is not conducted systematically. Currently, all entities whose activities involve working with children or where children are or may be present are obliged to prepare and implement the ‘Standards for the Protection of Minors’.
Introduction: Violence against children refers to any act that causes suffering and distress, whether physically, mentally, sexually, or psychologically, including actions that degrade the dignity of a child.Purposes of The Devotion: To raise awareness about the impact of violence against children at Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 7 Ambon. Method of The Devotion: The method used in the implementation of assistance and educational activities on legal counseling regarding child legal protection at State Junior High School 7 Ambon.Results Main Findings of the Devotion: Socialization for the students of State Junior High School 7 Ambon: Through this community service activity, we have all learned that violence against children—whether physical, verbal, or emotional, can have very serious impacts on personal development, self-confidence, and the future of the child.
Iqbal Taufik, Muammar Muammar, Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun et al.
As the next generation of the nation, children should get their rights and needs adequately. On the other hand, they are not objects (targets) of acts of arbitrariness and inhumane treatment from anyone or any party. Children who are considered vulnerable to acts of violence and abuse, should be cared for, cared for, educated as well as possible, so that they grow and develop in a healthy and normal manner. That alone needs to be done, so that in the future there will not be a lost generation. Criminal law enforcement regulations for perpetrators of violence against children in Indonesia are not based on the value of justice because of the perpetrators of violence against children themselves, where the perpetrators are does not see the law as a law that will bind an action that he has committed but only as an ordinary rule that can be deceived by perpetrators of violence, it is evident that in recent years in Indonesia and in neighboring countries violence against children is still relatively high, This proves that criminal law regulations for perpetrators of violence against children are still considered small, and even more so if there is peace between the parents of the victim and the perpetrator, peace here is in the form of compensation or restitution which does not create a sense of the value of justice for victims of violence, which is essentially considered to have no deterrent effect on perpetrators of violence against children. The focused data is from the Province of North Sumatra, where for some time this area has always received public attention regarding violence against children. In North Sumatra in 2018 there were 1,030 cases recorded with Medan City being the highest, in 2019 there were 705 cases, in 2020 there were 641 cases, in 2021 there were 994 cases with Langkat Regency being the highest, and in 2022 there were 962 cases the highest. It should be noted from the data obtained, from 2018 to 2022 the age of children as victims is between the ages of 13-17 and sexual violence is the highest type of violence, and ranks number two in types of physical violence weak law enforcement in the process of not being able to make legal wishes come true. These legal regulations will also determine how law enforcement will be carried out. As is the case in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection where prosecution is lighter than the threat of punishment stipulated by law so that the judge's decision is considered relatively light in cases of violence against children. Reconstruction of criminal law regulations for victims of violence against children in the application of a statutory regulation must look at all elements of life in society, especially if it concerns law in the public sphere. Children as shoots, potentials and the younger generation to continue the ideals of the nation's struggle have a strategic role, special characteristics as well, so they must be protected from all forms of inhumane treatment that can result in violations of human rights.
Yusup, P, Anis Mashdurohatun, Sri Endah Wahyuningsih
OBJECTIVE: The epidemiology of violence against children is likely to differ substantially by sex and age of the victim and the perpetrator. Thus far, investment in effective prevention strategies has been hindered by lack of clarity in the burden of childhood violence across these dimensions. We produced the first age-specific and sex-specific prevalence estimates by perpetrator type for physical, sexual and emotional violence against children globally. DESIGN: We used random effects meta-regression to estimate prevalence. Estimates were adjusted for relevant quality covariates, variation in definitions of violence and weighted by region-specific, age-specific and sex-specific population data to ensure estimates reflect country population structures. DATA SOURCES: Secondary data from 600 population or school-based representative datasets and 43 publications obtained via systematic literature review, representing 13 830 estimates from 171 countries. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Estimates for recent violence against children aged 0-19 were included. RESULTS: The most common perpetrators of physical and emotional violence for both boys and girls across a range of ages are household members, with prevalence often surpassing 50%, followed by student peers. Children reported experiencing more emotional than physical violence from both household members and students. The most common perpetrators of sexual violence against girls aged 15-19 years are intimate partners; however, few data on other perpetrators of sexual violence against children are systematically collected internationally. Few age-specific and sex-specific data are available on violence perpetration by schoolteachers; however, existing data indicate high prevalence of physical violence from teachers towards students. Data from other authority figures, strangers, siblings and other adults are limited, as are data on neglect of children. CONCLUSIONS: Without further investment in data generation on violence exposure from multiple perpetrators for boys and girls of all ages, progress towards Sustainable Development Goals 4, 5 and 16 may be slow. Despite data gaps, evidence shows violence from household members, peers in school and for girls, from intimate partners, should be prioritised for prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015024315.
Karen M. Devries, Louise Knight, Max Petzold et al.
Violence against children has been one of the most brutal and serious problems in our contemporary society. Children in institutional care, schools and even in their own homes are subjected to some type of violence, regardless of their ethnicity, religion, caste, gender and culture. This could seriously affect their physical, mental, emotional and social well-being. The child violence can be caused by a number of reasons including their socio-economic factors, cultural norms, beliefs and their household environment. For the prevention of child violence, an effective and collective effort is required. From implementing strong and effective laws to providing education and community awareness, the prevention and elimination of child violence from the society could be a long and complex process .This paper studies and discusses the different types of violences, it’s consequences on the children and the various ways through which we could reduce and eliminate it from our society.
The attitude of the society towards children is conditioned by its cultural, social, economic, and political aspects. However, violence against children is a historical phenomenon present in every society, regardless of its level of development. The responsibility lies with the state and society to enable and ensure the equality of children's rights with other members of the community and to protect children from violence, considering the fact that children cannot do this by themselves. Destructiveness of the consequences of violence against children indicates the necessity of a systematic fight against this phenomenon. The subject of this paper is to present the etiology of violence against children, i.e., the causes influencing the influx of violence against children, as well as the phenomenological aspect of this occurrence. In this context, this paper aims to indicate the causes, characteristics, and manifestations of violence against children through the presentation of empirical knowledge. The forms of violence against children overlap, but it is necessary to distinguish them in order to create more effective measures of their prevention and suppression.
INTRODUCTION: Globally 1 billion children are exposed to violence every year. The Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS) are nationally representative surveys of males and females ages 13-24 that are intended to measure the burden of sexual, physical and emotional violence experienced in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. It is important to document the methodological approach and design of the VACS to better understand the national estimates that are produced in each country, which are used to drive violence prevention efforts. METHODS: This study describes the surveys' target population, sampling design, statistical considerations, data collection process, priority violence indicators and data dissemination. RESULTS: Twenty-four national household surveys have been completed or are being planned in countries across Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Eastern Europe. The sample sizes range from 891 to 7912 among females (72%-98% response rate) and 803-2717 among males (66%-98% response rate). Two face-to-face interviews are conducted: a Household and an Individual Questionnaire. A standard set of core priority indicators are generated for each country that range from prevalence of different types of violence, contexts, risk and protective factors, and health consequences. Results are disseminated through various platforms to expand the reach and impact of the survey results. CONCLUSION: Data obtained through VACS can inform development and implementation of effective prevention strategies and improve health service provision for all who experience violence. VACS serves as a standardised tool to inform and drive prevention through high-quality, comprehensive data.
Kimberly H. Nguyen, Howard C. Kress, Andrés Villaveces et al.
Despite the extent and magnitude of violence against children in South Africa, political and financial investments to prevent violence against children remain low. A recent costing study investigating the social burden and economic impact of violence against children in South Africa found notable reductions to mental and physical health outcomes in the population if children were prevented from experiencing violence, neglect and witnessing family violence. The results showed, among others, that drug abuse in the entire population could be reduced by up to 14% if sexual violence against children could be prevented, self-harm could be reduced by 23% in the population if children did not experience physical violence, anxiety could be reduced by 10% if children were not emotionally abused, alcohol abuse could be reduced by 14% in women if they did not experience neglect as children, and lastly, interpersonal violence in the population could be reduced by 16% if children did not witness family violence. The study further estimated that the cost of inaction in 2015 amounted to nearly 5% of the country's gross domestic product. These findings show that preventing children from experiencing and witnessing violence can help to strengthen the health of a nation by ensuring children reach their full potential and drive the country's economy and growth. The paper further discusses ways in which preventing and ending violence against children may be prioritised in South Africa through, for instance, intersectoral collaboration and improving routine monitoring data, such as through the sustainable development goals.
Celia Hsiao, Deborah Ann Fry, Catherine L. Ward et al.
OBJECTIVE: Social isolation is currently identified as the best way to prevent the infection by the new coronavirus. However, for some social groups, such as children and adolescents, this measure carries a contradiction: the home, which should be the safest place for them, is also a frequent environment of a sad aggravation: domestic violence. This study aims to evaluate the notifications of interpersonal/self-inflicted violence available in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases in the State of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil), for the juvenile age group, before and during the new coronavirus pandemics. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive study of violence against children and adolescents (from 0 to 19 years) notified by health professionals by completing and entering the occurrence in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the State of Santa Catarina in 11 weeks in which the social isolation measure was instituted as mandatory, comparing with the same period before this measure. RESULTS: During the study period, 136 municipalities in Santa Catarina made 1,851 notifications. There was a decrease of 55.3% of them in the isolation period, and the difficulties encountered in seeking protection and assistance institutions were listed. CONCLUSIONS: The society needs to be aware of possible cases of violence in the children and adolescent population. It is important to provide accessible, effective, and safe ways for complaints and notifications, as well as a quick response to the cases, aiming at protecting victims and minimizing damages to prevent the perpetuation of the violence.
Vanessa Borges Platt, Jucélia Maria Guedert, Elza Berger Salema Coelho
