Violence against children is contains all forms of violence against children aged 2–17 years. This violence's covered all types child maltreatment including physical, sexual and emotional abuse as well as neglect by strangers, their parents or other caregivers, peers or romantic partners (1). Unfortunately, the globally rates of violence against children are very high. However, Middle East countries such as Iran, very little research has been done in this area (2). In below we discussed about the global situation and preventing strategies recommended by WHO.
Efforts to prevent or respond to intimate partner violence (IPV) and violence against children (VAC) are still disparate worldwide, despite increasing evidence of intersections across these forms of violence. We conducted a systematic review to explore interventions that prevent or respond to IPV and VAC by parents or caregivers, aiming to identify common intervention components and mechanisms that lead to a reduction in IPV and VAC. 30 unique interventions from 16 countries were identified, with 20 targeting both IPV and VAC. Key mechanisms for reducing IPV and VAC in primary prevention interventions included improved communication, conflict resolution, reflection on harmful gender norms, and awareness of the adverse consequences of IPV and VAC on children. Therapeutic programmes for women and children who were exposed to IPV facilitated engagement with IPV-related trauma, increased awareness of the effects of IPV, and promoted avoidance of unhealthy relationships. Evidence gaps in low-income and middle-income countries involved adolescent interventions, post-abuse interventions for women and children, and interventions addressing both prevention and response to IPV and VAC. Our findings strengthen evidence in support of efforts to address IPV and VAC through coordinated prevention and response programmes. However, response interventions for both IPV and VAC are rare and predominantly implemented in high-income countries. Although therapeutic programmes for parents, caregivers, and children in high-income countries are promising, their feasibility in low-income and middle-income countries remains uncertain. Despite this uncertainty, there is potential to improve the use of health services to address IPV and VAC together.
Loraine Bacchus, Manuela Colombini, Isabelle Pearson et al.
The next generation of the nation is made up of children who have dreams and aspirations for the future and the progress and sustainability of Indonesia's development. Therefore, children need to be protected by parents, families, communities, and the government. The increasing cases of violence against children in recent years have raised concerns for parents, communities, academics, and practitioners. This is feared to have a negative impact on the future of children and also on the nation. One factor is the environmental situation. It is important for every parent, educator, and community to conduct socialization about violence against children. This needs to be done so that children can understand the importance of this problem, especially in the digital era that continues to develop today. This is also effective in preparing children to go through puberty. Indonesia has had the Child Protection Law and various other regulations related to child protection issues, which normatively provide protection for children to guarantee respect for their rights. Every year, the number of cases of violence against children in Indonesia continues to increase, especially in Central Lombok Regency, which has experienced a fairly worrying increase. The methods used in this community service activity include observation and social interaction with partners. Therefore, it is important to carry out this service by conducting counseling at SDN 2 Mujur, East Praya, Central Lombok. Together with partners, we organize a series of socialization activities to optimize efforts to prevent violence against children in the school environment. The main objective of this activity is so that the community, especially the next generation of the nation, can understand the consequences of violence against children. The impact of this socialization process is that students can gain knowledge and understanding of regulations and efforts to prevent violence against children.
During the COVID-19 pandemic , it was known that number violence to child in Indonesia more increase . Study this is study References with objective for study reason happening violence against children During the COVID-19 pandemic and effort in prevention . F actor common causes of hard cake on children during the COVID-19 pandemic is a problem economy as a result of activity restrictions during pandemic, the relationship between children and parents who are not balanced , and low parental knowledge related with parenting patterns. Impact period short of perceived violence children is to affect the child 's physical , while the impact long-term related to the psyche of the victim. In overcoming _ The problem of violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic must be carried out in a social environment with various preventive measures. On In this research , the author suggests there needs to be awareness, that acts of violence against children are extraordinary crimes that can interfere with the growth and development of children.
The increasing visibility of violence involving children has led to a recognition of the need to research its underlying dynamics. As a result, we now have a better understanding of the complexities involved in this kind of research, associated with children’s developmental characteristics and social status, exposure to violence, and compromised parenting of caregivers. This paper discusses the issues raised by parental consent in research on violence against children, specifically the dilemma of children’s rights to participation and protection, and proposes changes in research practice in this domain.
Violence against children (VAC) is a significant international problem and, in Afghanistan, is particularly complex given the country has suffered armed conflict and extreme poverty for more than 30 years. The aim of this study was to examine the level of knowledge and observation of VAC by community leaders, professional groups, and business owners in three Afghan districts. A survey of community and religious leaders; health, socio-legal, and education professionals; and business owners from Kabul, Jalalabad, and Torkham ( n = 182) was conducted. Structured interviews included qualitative and quantitative components. Questions related to knowledge and experience of VAC, and to perceptions of consequences, causes, and strategies for preventing VAC. The statistical significance of differences between participant groups and measures of association were assessed by Pearson’s chi-square test, the Mann–Whitney test, and the Kruskall–Wallis one-way ANOVA. Qualitative responses were analyzed thematically. VAC was reported to occur mostly in the home, community, and workplace. The scale of the problem varied, with religious and community leaders underreporting VAC by 30% to 40% compared with other participant groups ( p < .001). Business owners also significantly underreported VAC in the workplace, despite admitting to acts of discipline that included physical contact. There were some regional differences, with lower reporting of violence in Jalalabad compared with the two other locations ( p < .001). Causes of VAC were consistently attributed to poverty, lack of education, and the effects of war. The findings of this study indicate that VAC is a serious and complex problem in Afghanistan. Decades of armed conflict and entrenched poverty influence how violence is perceived and recognized. Consideration should be given to initiatives that build on the existing strengths within the community while raising awareness and recognition of the nature, extent, and burden of VAC in the community.
Cate M Cameron, Patrick O’Leary, Ali Lakhani et al.
The objective of this narrative review is to analyze, through the estimates made in previous studies, the costs of medical, physical, and mental care, productivity losses, costs for the child protection system, and costs for the criminal justice system of violence against children and youth, with special emphasis on sexual violence. The reviewed studies confirm that violence in early stages of development is associated with greater use of health services and other resources, which represents a significant public investment that must be taken into account. These works have limitations that derive from the incomplete or unreliable data included regarding mortality and morbidity related to violence against children and that imply variable estimates of their costs, which in Spain range from 17 billion euros for adverse childhood experiences, to around €1 billion for sexual violence. Reliable data are needed on the costs of violence against children in order to make better-informed decisions about financial investment in its prevention and treatment, as well as to raise awareness of its scale and impact.
In Tunisia, eight out of ten children are victims of violence. More than half of children suffer physical punishment, and over 75% are victims of psychological aggression. This violence against children (VAC) imposes a severe societal burden, with significant and quantifiable economic costs. This study estimates the cost of violence against children in Tunisia, disaggregated by type of violence and sex, and examines the health and education-related losses. Current investment in prevention is also measured. This study used secondary data from international and Tunisian studies on the consequences of VAC to estimate the lifetime cost of VAC in Tunisia, discounted to 2022, using an incidence-based approach. The total cost of VAC in Tunisia is estimated at USD 865 million in 2022, approximately 1.9% of the country's GDP. Psychological violence represents the greatest burden among non-fatal forms of violence, totaling 460 million USD or 1% of GDP (2022). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) account for the majority of the costs of non-fatal violence (470 million USD). The loss of lifetime income due to dropping out of school represents 356 million USD, while e xpenditure on prevention and care for victims of violence is estimated at 12 million USD in 2022. VAC imposes an economic burden on Tunisia, amounting to a considerable proportion of its GDP. Protecting Tunisian children is not only a fundamental human right but also a cost-saving investment. • Eight in ten Tunisian children are victims of violence. • Incidence-based approach quantifies direct and indirect costs of this violence. • Violence against children cost Tunisia USD 865M in 2022 (1.9% GDP). • Psychological violence accounts for largest non-fatal burden (USD 460M).
Hannah Mette Rowett, Antoine Deliege, Chadi Rabhi et al.
Sexual violence against children in sports receives little research attention. The aim of this Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-based systematic literature review was to synthesize the up-to-date knowledge and identify the already known and the still unknown information in this area. The literature search yielded seven eligible studies for inclusion. Their key outcomes suggest that sexual violence against children in sports is prevalent. Girls are more often the victims than boys, but gender appears to mediate the disclosure. Minority groups are at higher risk for sexual violence, and athletes at higher levels of competition seem to be more vulnerable for grooming. While the coach is often seen as the perpetrator, new research suggests that peer-athletes may precede the coach. Disclosure is a problem, due to personal and interpersonal concerns, which deters scholastic research in this area. In the final section of the review, a "what we know" and "what we need to know" list of highlights is offered as the concluding summary of the review. These factual points could raise the awareness of parents and/or guardians about the vulnerability of their children to sexual abuse if they are involved in sports. They could also attract the attention of the policy makers to the urgent need of developing and implementing preventive measures to make sports and exercise environments pleasurable and safe for children.
The Asian Legal Resource Centre (ALRC) would like to draw the UN Human Rights Council's attention to the rise in violence against children in Pakistan.
