Africa Knowledge Hub for Children

Policy documentOpenAlex1 Jan 2019

Legal Protection for Child Labour in Myanmar

'Child Labour' is any work undertaken by a child under the legal minimum working age that may be harmful to his or her health and social development. Child labour is a main product of poverty and the other causes of child labour are included in natural calamities, man-made disasters (civil strife) and traditional social system, in allowing children to work. Children are generally docile, obedient, hired at cheaper rates than adults, and silent as far as their rights as workers are concerned. Besides, Children are labour intensive and require laborious work for long hours or during the rights. This fact is a significant element for preferred in labour market. There are four types of Child labour that the international community has declared to be 'worst forms'; slavery; sexual exploitation; illicit activities, and hazardous work. The exploitation on child labour is prohibited by international conventions and national legislation. In Myanmar, labour legislation was originated for child labour protection during the industrialization process. The total number of child population in Myanmar between the age of (5-17) is over 12-4 million, of which more than 0.4 million are working in dangerous-environments, according to Myanmar labour force survey, published by the Ministry of labour, Immigration and Population (MOLIP), 2018. The protection of Child labour plays an important role in the state. Therefore, according to the current situation of Myanmar, laws and the legal system need to be improved with the assistance from ILO and strength ended to protect the rights and welfare of child workers.

Win Thein Aung

Protection

OtherOpenAlex1 Jan 2025

Child Labour Opponents and Their Campaigns in the Americas

This book delves into the past and examines the origins of activism against child labour. It addresses a hitherto under-examined question: how and why did child labour develop into a key concern between the 1880s and 1930s? Who were the protagonists who first raised the issue of child labour as a global concern? The study aims to provide the first account of the history of diverse and locally grounded – but nationally and frequently globally connected – child labour opponents in the Americas, their motivations and campaigns, at the turn of the 20th century. I argue that, for the period between 1888 and 1938, one can identify similar protagonists, a joint goal, a broadly similar timing, common platforms, comparable campaigning mechanisms and many types of connections or entanglements across regions. Nevertheless, in contrast to the global anti-slavery movement, child labour opponents formed a loosely institutionalised network which lacked an international organisation that focused specifically on child labour. A global history approach to child labour opponents helps reveal large-scale patterns across societies and highlight similarities and differences between cases.

Nina Schneider

Read at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex12 Dec 2018

CHILD LABOUR: A WORLDWIDE PROBLEM AND REMEDIES

Child labour is one of the major factors to deprive our future generations from education. It is an obstacle to sustainable socio-cultural development and economic growth of the country. It is very disheartening to see the plight of young budding childhood plucked by deep-rooted poverty. Starting work early, in the form of child labour, can affect prospects for decent work throughout a person’s life. They have no hope for a promising future. As adults they are likely to be living in poverty. Often, they have to rely on their own children working to have enough money to afford basic necessities for the survival of their family. This continues the child labour-poverty cycle into the next generation. The cycle of poverty is one of the largest contributing factors to child labour. The concern of the child labour has been a global issue, as it highly involved in inhibiting the sustainable growth and development of the country. According to the Indian law, children below the age of 14 years cannot be employed to any type of work forcefully. India has unfortunately the largest number of child labourers in the world. The problem of child labour is haunting humanity at global level. This Article outlines the key issues relating to present child labour prohibition law to control the situation. It also attempts to make an analysis of the nature of the problem, the causes of rising instances of child labour and their remedies. This Endeavour also examines in brief the economic, social and legal facets of the problem and emphasizes on creating the awareness among people to improve the present position of the problem of Child Labour.

Dr. J.P. Arya

ProtectionDevelopmentINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2021

The Relationship Between Child Labour and Hyperactivity

The physical aspects of child labour across the world have been explored to a vast context. Child labour's impact on health, education, economy, family were widely discussed, but the relationship between child labour and psychological health still remains an unexplored area. The present study explores the hyperactive aspect of child labour. Strength and difficulty questionnaire of Robert Goodman was used. The tool was applied to children in Delhi (n=1000) in the slums over a group of school going and child labour children between the ages of 7-14 years. The mean t-test value for child labour was 4.77 and that of school children of the same socioeconomic condition was 4.60. The results were almost the same probably because the same types of social problems exists for both the groups. Strong positive association between working children status and difficulty score was established (p<.001).

Daman Ahuja, B. Kalpana

ProtectionDevelopmentPractitionerINRead at source

OtherOpenAlex18 Mar 2021

Child Labour - Evolution Stops Here.

Child labour is the oldest problems in our society and still an ongoing issue. During the time, child labour evolved from working in agriculture or small handicraft workshops to being forced into work in factories in the urban setting as a result of the industrial revolution. Children were very profitable assets since their pay was very low, were less likely to strike, and were easy to be manipulated. Socio-economic difference and lack of access to education are among others contributing to child labour. Religious and cultural beliefs can be misguiding and concealing in outline the limits of child labour. Child labour prevents corporal, rational and psychic development of children.

Publisher KnowLaw Pratik Banerjee

ProtectionDevelopmentRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Jan 2026

Child Labour And Drop Out Children

The child labour episode is closely associated to that of out-of-school children (OOSC). The majority of children not in school are occupied in some form of work activity and, for children in school involvement in work makes them more liable to untimely drop-out. Considering the interplay between child labour and out-of-school children is therefore critical to achieving both Education for All (EFA) and child labour elimination goals. This study presents a vivid profile of links between child labour and out-of-school children from different developing countries included in the OOSC study. The focus is primarily on the 7-14 years age range, and on Dimensions 2-5 of the Five Dimensions of Exclusion. How are the OOSC and child labour phenomena related? The intersection of the OOSC and child labour groups can be expressed in two different ways: first, the extent to which the OOSC population is composed of child labourers and second, the extent to which child labourers are out of school. These two indicators offer different ways of viewing the interplay between the OOSC and child labour groups.

Shekappa Gyanappa

DevelopmentProtectionRead at source

OtherOpenAlex1 Oct 2018

Bitter Truth Of Child Labour In India

Child labour is a complex problem that is basically rooted in poverty. The government is quite committed to the cause of controlling and eliminating child labour from India. India has all along followed a proactive policy with respect to the problem of child labour, and has stood for the constitutional, statutory and developmental measures to combat child labour. Child labour laws and legislations have been enacted in our country, but the condition of child labourers still remains the same. This is because of lack of effective machinery for the implementation of such laws as well as the lack of awareness among labourers and employers about the restrictions on the employment of children as workers.

Mayank Mohan

ProtectionINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Nov 2018

Human Rights and Child Labour: A Critical Appraisal: Examining the Impact of Child Labour on Human Rights

The human rights are essential for the growth and the development of every human being including the children. At present, the violations of children’s rights become the serious issue. Many children are working in the worst forms of labour like bondage, semi-slavery, prostitution and so on. They are depriving their basic rights such as right to education, right to development, right to survive and even right to childhood. Consequently, they are becoming victim of maltreatment, child marriage, kidnapping and abduction, immoral trafficking and child rape or sexual abused etc. The paper is trying to analyses the various aspects of child labour. Further, the study finds out the roots causes of the problems.

Dr. Lalit Kumar Dr. Lalit Kumar

SurvivalDevelopmentProtectionRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex17 Nov 2025

Labour law aspects of child labour in the information age

The article analyses the labour law aspects of child labour in the information age. It presents in detail the specific features related to the regulation of child labour and the possibilities of applying labour law legislation particularly to the work of children under the age of 15, pupils and students. Three sections are discussed: the normative regulation of child labour, the specific features of performing light work by children, the special protection provisions that apply to child labour, and the specific features related to digital child labour, which is emerging as a new form of work. The basic hypothesis in the article is that when defining child labour and the emergence of new forms of work, such as the work of information child influencers, it is necessary to regulate this appropriately in a way that takes into account the specific features of the situation of children who perform such work so that such work does not harm their safety, health, morality, education and development.

Mojca Tancer Verboten

ProtectionDevelopmentSIRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex29 May 2019

The Protection Of Educational Rights For Child Labour

Indonesia has been ratified UNCRC through a Presidential Decree No. 36 of 1990. Meanwhile, under article 68 of Law No. 13 of 2003 on Labour, provide the prohibition of the employer from employing the children, with the exception in article 69.. In Central Aceh, it is become a habit for horse owners to hire children.This paper aim to find the protection of educational rights for child labour in Indonesia generally according to International Human Rights Instruments; and the protection of child labour especially in case of Child Labour at Horse Stable in Takengon, Central Aceh.The research use normative empirical approach. The result found the protection of educational rights have been stated in several International Human Rights Instruments; and it is the duty of government along with family toward the protection of educational rights for child labour. It is suggested to the Indonesian government to create a monitoring body that focus on Child Labour issue. The government of Central Aceh should make local regulation regarding the educational rights for child labour.

Khairatunnisa Khairatunnisa, Muhammad Ya’kub Aiyub Kadir

ProtectionDevelopmentIDRead at source

Every report we find, newest first.

How to use the reports