Reports

Every report we find, newest first.

Reports gathered from around the world, newest first.

How to use the reports

1Search by title, author or topic, or narrow the list by right, region and type of design.
2Open a report to read its summary and the findings taken from it.
3Choose "Read at source" to go to the original document.
4For older reports, set Age of report to Archive.

19,731 reports · page 1902 of 1974

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex30 Sept 2026

Hubungan Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) Dengan Status Stunting Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pasawahan Kabupaten Kuningan

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan kognitif, produktivitas, dan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Salah satu faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting adalah riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan riwayat BBLR dengan status stunting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pasawahan Kabupaten Kuningan. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel berjumlah 750 balita usia 12–59 bulan, terdiri atas 150 balita stunting sebagai kasus dan 600 balita tidak stunting sebagai kontrol (1:4). Data diperoleh dari aplikasi e-PPGM (Sigizi Kesga) tahun 2024–2025 dan dianalisis secara univariat serta bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dan Odds Ratio (OR). Hasil: Sebanyak 710 balita (94,7%) tidak memiliki riwayat BBLR dan 40 (5,3%) memiliki riwayat BBLR. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara riwayat BBLR dan stunting (p<0,001), dengan OR 6,45 (95% CI 3,284–12,678). Kesimpulan: Riwayat BBLR berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting. Pencegahan perlu dimulai sejak kehamilan melalui pelayanan antenatal, pemantauan gizi ibu, pencegahan BBLR, dan intervensi pada 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan. Abstract Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem affecting physical growth, cognitive development, productivity, and human resource quality. One factor associated with stunting is a history of Low Birth Weight (LBW). This study aimed to determine the association between LBW history and stunting among children under five in the working area of Pasawahan Community Health Center, Kuningan Regency. Methods: This observational analytic study used a case-control design. The sample comprised 750 children aged 12–59 months, including 150 stunted children as cases and 600 non-stunted children as controls (1:4). Data were obtained from the e-PPGM (Sigizi Kesga) application for 2024–2025 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the chi-square test and Odds Ratio (OR). Results: A total of 710 children (94.7%) had no LBW history, while 40 (5.3%) had a history of LBW. LBW history was significantly associated with stunting (p<0.001), with an OR of 6.45 (95% CI 3.284–12.678). Conclusion: LBW history was significantly associated with stunting. Prevention should begin during pregnancy through antenatal care, maternal nutritional monitoring, prevention of LBW, and interventions during the first 1,000 days of life.

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2026

Early life exposures of enteric pathogens and nutritional outcomes in Timor-Leste: a longitudinal birth cohort study protocol

Introduction Child undernutrition remains a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Timor-Leste has one of the highest childhood stunting rates worldwide, affecting an estimated 47% of children under 5 years. Repeated exposure to enteric pathogens is increasingly recognised as a contributor to malnutrition, yet the interplay between enteric infection, environmental exposure and socioeconomic factors remains poorly understood in this setting. This protocol describes a longitudinal birth cohort study, conducted within a One Health framework, examining early-life enteric pathogen exposure and its relationship with nutritional outcomes in Timor-Leste. Methods and analysis This mixed-methods longitudinal birth cohort study, part of the Bacteria, Enteropathy and Nutrition research programme, is being conducted in three municipalities of Timor-Leste (Dili, Ermera and Ainaro) from November 2024 to October 2027. We will recruit 450 infants at birth and follow them for 24 months, with home visits at 3 monthly intervals in year 1 and 6 monthly intervals in year 2. Faecal, food, water, soil and domestic animal samples will be tested for bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens; child growth will be assessed using anthropometry. Structured surveys, household observations and in-depth interviews will capture food safety practices, feeding behaviours and socioeconomic factors. Associations between enteric infection and child growth will be assessed using multivariable regression and longitudinal mixed-effects models; qualitative data will be analysed thematically. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee and Veterinary Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health, Timor-Leste (1827/INSP-TL/UEPD-AL/X/2024), Menzies School of Health Research (EC00153) and the Australian National University (H/2024/0964). Written informed consent will be obtained from parents or guardians. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, community workshops and policy briefs in English and Tetum.

Haribondhu Sarma, Salvador Amaral, M Lay et al.

SurvivalTLRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2026

Ensuring Hygiene for All: Evaluating SDG 6.2 through the Sustainability of Public Sanitation

Under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, specifically Target 6.2, the international community committed to ensuring access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, with particular attention to the needs of women, girls, and individuals in vulnerable situations. Despite this commitment, public sanitation continues to be treated as a discretionary amenity rather than a core public service essential for dignity, mobility, and social participation. This paper examines the gap between the normative framework of SDG 6.2 and the lived realities of sanitation use through an integrated analytical approach that combines international comparative data with an exploratory empirical study conducted in Hungary. Moving beyond conventional metrics of access such as facility counts or service levels, the research highlights how formal equality in provision may translate into substantive inequalities in use. It demonstrates how capacity constraints, maintenance failures, and the lack of care-integrated and inclusive design generate disproportionate burdens for women, while drawing on selected international literature to reflect on broader exclusion and safety concerns in gender-segregated sanitation systems. The findings suggest that current monitoring frameworks, including indicator 6.2.1a, inadequately capture the qualitative dimensions of sanitation access, particularly those related to usability, safety, and dignity in public space. In response, the paper argues for a conceptual shift from infrastructure-based metrics toward a more comprehensive understanding of sanitation as a component of gendered and inclusive urban citizenship. The paper briefly reflects on implications for urban planning and governance, highlighting the relevance of institutional accountability and more inclusive, user-sensitive sanitation design within the broader human rights framework of the United Nations. Keywords: public sanitation, gendered citizenship, gender equality, right to sanitation

Judit Glavanits

SurvivalHURead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2026

Severity and Outcomes of Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0–59 Months at Guzara District Hospital, Herat: A Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Recent reports indicate a rising prevalence of acute malnutrition among children in Afghanistan. This retrospective hospital‐based study was conducted at Guzara District Hospital in Herat and aimed to investigate the severity, treatment outcomes, and monthly trends of acute malnutrition among children aged 0–59 months and potential determinants from May 2020 to March 2022. Methods For this study, the data were collected from the hospital malnutrition treatment register, a standardized logbook in which demographic, anthropometric, treatment, and outcome data of admitted children were recorded. The study included 253 children, with malnutrition severity assessed using weight‐for‐height Z ‐scores (WHZ), mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC), and bilateral oedema. Information on age, sex, and location was also collected. In addition, treatment outcomes were obtained from the hospital registration book. WHZ, MUAC, age, sex, location, and oedema refer to characteristics recorded at baseline (admission). Group differences were analysed using Chi‐squared and Kruskal–Wallis tests, with Monte Carlo simulations for small counts. Results Results showed a high burden of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Based on WHZ, 77.9% of children were classified as SAM, and 14.68% presented with bilateral oedema. Among children older than 6 months, and among children with available MUAC data ( n = 109), 74.3% had a MUAC < 115 mm. Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) was identified in 11.46% using WHZ and 18.34% using MUAC. Regarding outcomes, 42.29% recovered, and 41.50% were referred to outpatient care, while 7.11% were referred to inpatient care, 3.55% defaulted, and 5.53% had missing outcome data. Treatment outcomes varied, with children aged 6–59 months and those with oedema requiring more extended care. Additionally, malnutrition cases increased in summer 2021. Conclusion This study highlights the significant burden of SAM at Guzara Hospital, especially among children under 12 months, a seasonal rise in cases, and the association between treatment outcomes and malnutrition indicators.

Nademah Tamkin, Uttara Partap, Matthew Leming

SurvivalAFRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2026

Transcervical Epiglottic Suspension for Severe Type III Laryngomalacia in Infants: Feasibility, Safety, and Effectiveness

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of transcervical epiglottic suspension in respiratory support‐dependent infants with Type III laryngomalacia. Methods This retrospective case series at a single‐center tertiary children's hospital included consecutive infants with endoscopically confirmed Type III laryngomalacia who were dependent on respiratory support because of upper airway obstruction. These infants underwent transcervical epiglottic suspension between January 1, 2024, and December 31, 2025. Because all eligible infants treated during the study period were included, no a priori sample size calculation was performed. Outcomes included procedural success, operative time, suture duration, perioperative complications, liberation from respiratory support, avoidance of tracheostomy, improvement in airway obstruction, feeding recovery, and catch‐up growth. Results Fifteen infants were included. Median age at surgery was 58 days. Primary procedural success was achieved in 14 of 15 infants and in all infants after revision. All infants were liberated from respiratory support, and none required tracheostomy. Airway obstruction scores improved significantly after surgery ( p < 0.001). Median operative time was 20 min, median blood loss was 1 mL, median suture duration was 35 days, and median time to full oral feeding was 35 days. Among 10 infants with preoperative growth impairment, eight achieved normal weight‐for‐age status at final follow‐up. Adverse events included premature suture detachment in two infants and minor cutaneous pressure injury in one infant; no severe complications occurred. Conclusion Transcervical epiglottic suspension was feasible and was associated with rapid liberation from respiratory support and an acceptable safety profile in high‐risk infants with Type III laryngomalacia. Level of Evidence 4

Weiguang Yang, Qing-Chuan Duan, Fei Zhang et al.

SurvivalPractitionerCNRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2026

Updated Pediatric Sonographic Percentile Curves for Abdominal Organ Size in a Large European Cohort

PURPOSE: Accurate measurement of liver, spleen, and kidney size plays a central role in pediatric diagnostics. Contemporary sonographic percentile data are needed to support interpretation of organ dimensions in clinical practice. This study aimed to generate age-specific clinical reference percentiles for abdominal organ size based on a large real-world pediatric ultrasound cohort. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This retrospective analysis included 27,696 clinically indicated pediatric abdominal ultrasound examinations conducted between 2000 and 2025 at a major urban tertiary-care center in Germany. Standardized organ measurements were obtained by experienced pediatric radiologists. Patients were not excluded on the basis of underlying pathology. Age-specific clinical percentile curves (P3-P97) were generated using Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) to capture non-linear growth patterns. RESULTS: From 27,696 examinations of children aged 0-18, organ-specific measurements comprised 12,254 livers, 12,703 spleens, 16,254 right kidneys, and 16,516 left kidneys. All organs demonstrated non-linear growth trajectories. No overall statistically significant sex differences were observed in this cohort for spleen (p = 0.195), liver (p = 0.517), right kidney (p = 0.712), or left kidney (p = 0.797). Owing to the retrospective design, sex-specific variation within individual age strata cannot be excluded. The left kidney was consistently larger than the right (p<0.0001), with a mean difference of 2-5 mm. CONCLUSION: This study presents contemporary clinical percentile curves for liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions derived from one of the largest Central European pediatric ultrasound datasets published to date. The curves provide population-specific benchmarks for interpreting pediatric abdominal organ dimensions in real-world clinical practice and aim to support standardized assessment across the full pediatric age range.

Elena Höhne, Sebastian Fischer, Jennifer Gotta et al.

DERead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2026

Nutritional and Economic Potential of Needle Cuttlefish (Sepia aculeata): Unlocking an Underutilized Seafood Resource in Bangladesh

Needle cuttlefish ( Sepia aculeata ), an abundant yet underutilized cephalopod species in Bangladesh, remains a non-conventional seafood resource with limited nutritional information. This study evaluated the proximate composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid composition, micronutrients, and heavy metals of both edible and non-edible portions of S. aculeata , while recommended nutrient intake (RNI) contribution and economic efficiency were assessed using edible portions only. A total of 172 samples were collected from Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Edible portions accounted for 47.60% of total body weight, while non-edible portions constituted 52.40%. Edible portions contained appreciable protein (11.69–11.76%) and lipid (1.79–1.81%) levels, with total amino acids ranging from 12.36 to 12.92 g/100 g and favorable EAA/NEAA ratios (0.88–1.03). The fatty acid profile was dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (46.1–48.6% of total fatty acids), particularly EPA (10.4–11.1%) and DHA (20.4–21.6%), with desirable PUFA/SFA (1.20–1.34) and n-3/n-6 (2.37–3.09) ratios. Heavy metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in edible portions were below maximum permissible limits. Non-edible portions contained significantly higher concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium than edible portions, indicating potential for value-added utilization. A 100 g serving could provide 70.70–70.89% of the daily n-3 LC-PUFA requirement for children aged 6–23 months. Affordability analysis showed that needle cuttlefish supplied protein at 5.0- to 23.5-fold lower cost and n-3 LC-PUFA at approximately 57.8- to 228.8-fold lower cost than the other seafood species assessed (prawn, shrimp, lobster, and mud crab); for zinc, cuttlefish was cheaper than prawn, shrimp, and lobster (up to 1.32-fold), though mud crab had a marginally lower cost. These findings indicate that S. aculeata is a rich source of n-3 LC-PUFAs, as well as a safe and cost-effective seafood resource with potential to improve food and nutrition security in Bangladesh.

Reshadul Islam, Degonto Islam, Zobaer Masum et al.

SurvivalBDRead at source

Every report we find, newest first.

How to use the reports

Hubungan Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) Dengan Status Stunting Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pasawahan Kabupaten Kuningan

Early life exposures of enteric pathogens and nutritional outcomes in Timor-Leste: a longitudinal birth cohort study protocol

Ensuring Hygiene for All: Evaluating SDG 6.2 through the Sustainability of Public Sanitation

Severity and Outcomes of Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0–59 Months at Guzara District Hospital, Herat: A Retrospective Study

Transcervical Epiglottic Suspension for Severe Type III Laryngomalacia in Infants: Feasibility, Safety, and Effectiveness

Updated Pediatric Sonographic Percentile Curves for Abdominal Organ Size in a Large European Cohort

Global Implementation of the Nutrition‐Friendly School Initiative ( NFSI ): A Scoping Review of Strategies, Challenges, Barriers, and Facilitators

Determinantes socioeconómicos de la desnutrición crónica infantil en niños menores de cinco años: revisión sistemática

OXYTOCIN MASSAGE EDUCATION AS A NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFORT TO INCREASE BREAST MILK PRODUCTION AMONG BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS

Nutritional and Economic Potential of Needle Cuttlefish (Sepia aculeata): Unlocking an Underutilized Seafood Resource in Bangladesh

Search the Hub

Every report we find, newest first.

How to use the reports