The role of parents in early childhood development is a crucial factor in the process of child growth and development. In the context of limited face-to-face learning, this research will discuss the extent of parents' responsibilities in accompanying children to learn, as well as the urgency of parents' role in children's development from a developmental psychology perspective. The research method used is qualitative with analysis referring to trusted literature such as journals, books and other references. The research results show that parental responsibility and the strategies implemented by them are the main keys in dealing with psychological aspects of child development. Parental involvement during the learning period has a significant impact on child development. The factors that influence it involve internal and external elements in the child's environment.
In 1983, the Indonesian government established Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Integrated Health Post) – commonly known as Posyandu, an outreach programme for improving mothers’ and children’s health, including immunisation. However, child immunisation coverage is still far below national and world targets. There is also wide variation among regions, with low rates found in areas outside Java. This study aimed to explore mothers’ experiences in immunising their children through Posyandu in East Nusa Tenggara, and West Sumatera, two provinces located outside Java Island. Fifty-three mothers were involved in six Focus Group Discussion (FGDs). The discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim in the original language. The transcripts were translated into English, coded with Nvivo, and analysed for common themes. This study showed that the success of the immunisation programme through Posyandu relied on the role of community-based health workers. Their ability to integrate with the community increased people’s trust. This trust encouraged mothers to immunise their children, despite their limited knowledge about immunisation. The other barrier often encountered by the mothers in immunising their children was that the fathers did not allow them to do so. Therefore, collaborative work with the whole community is needed to improve the performance of an outreach programme.
Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, Pauline Norris, James Green et al.
This review looks at the available evidence on disability inclusion in early childhood development and education in humanitarian settings. It found that little evidence and guidance is available relating specifically to the inclusion of children with disabilities in early childhood education in humanitarian settings and there is a lack of extensive provision. However, some guidance exists and the review presents a number of case studies of disability inclusion in early childhood development and education in humanitarian settings.
Early childhood development has been valued by the government and policy makers in China, but the current intervention system is not yet complete. This paper hopes to discover how to establish a coordinated and comprehensive intervention network on the basis of previous research. On the one hand, it can provide future scholars with research ideas in this regard, and on the other hand, it can also provide policy-makers with policy-making ideas. In this regard,this paper did a literature review, mainly searching for related articles on Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and reviewed 20 articles.The government, the community, and the family each play an important role in the development of early childhood.However, their limitation is that there is no joint government, family, and community tripartite governance.
BACKGROUND: Full immunisation of children by their first birthday is a crucial public health target. Vaccines protect children from preventable diseases, promoting individual and community health. In Sierra Leone, a country with a history of high childhood mortality rates, achieving full immunisation coverage is a critical step towards a healthier future. This study examined the trends and inequalities in full immunisation coverage among children aged one year in Sierra Leone from 2008 to 2019. METHODS: Three rounds of the Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (2008, 2013, and 2019) were analysed. A descriptive approach was adopted for the analysis. Simple [difference (D) and ratio (R)] and complex [population attributable risk (PAR) and population attributable fraction (PAF)] measures of inequalities were computed using the World Health Organization's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (WHO's HEAT) software. The measures were computed separately for each of the three surveys, and their estimates were compared. RESULTS: The findings revealed that full immunisation coverage for one-year-olds in Sierra Leone increased significantly between 2008 (40.1%) and 2013 (68.3%). However, there was a decrease in coverage in 2019 (56.5%). Region-related inequalities were the largest and increased slightly between 2008 (D = 13.8; R = 1.4; PAF = 17.8, PAR = 7.1) and 2013 (D = 20.7.; R = 1.3; PAF = 14.2, PAR = 9.7) but decreased in 2019 (D = 18.2; R = 1.3; PAF = 15.3, PAR = 8.6). Substantial education-related inequalities were observed in 2008 (D = 10.1, R = 1.2, PAF = 19.4, PAR = 7.7), but this decreased in 2013 (D = 6.7, R = 1.1, PAF = 8.0, PAR = 5.4; and 2019 D = 5.0, R = 1.0, PAF = 4.7, PAR = 2.4). The age and sex of the child appeared to have minimal influence on the overall inequality in immunisation coverage. CONCLUSION: The study highlights education and region as key contributors to the inequalities. Mothers with lower education were less likely to get their children fully immunised. Immunisation coverage varies significantly across regions, with the Eastern region leading and the Northern region lagging. Age and sex have minimal impact. The government and partner organisations in Sierra Leone should focus outreach programs on these high-risk groups, implement geographically targeted strategies and invest in education and improve access to healthcare facilities. Ensuring vaccine availability, trained personnel, and data collection for monitoring could be useful. There is also the need to develop targeted interventions for regions with lower coverage. These steps are crucial to achieving universal immunisation coverage. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registration was not necessary since we analysed a secondary dataset.
Augustus Osborne, Camilla Bangura, Umaru Sesay et al.
A relatively new field of research is the relationship between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiota.This is a novel approach: using gut microbiota modification to reverse microbial dysbiosis and possibly prevent or treat colorectal cancer.In this context, a number of approaches have been used, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).It is crucial to recognize t he risks and controversies associated with these strategies, which may cause clinical complications, despite their promising results in improving gut barrier function, correcting microbiota composition, modulating the natural immune system, avoiding pathogen colonization, and exerting specific cytotoxicity against tumor cells.Therefore, a thorough assessment of the risk-benefit ratio and patient selection is essential for the translation of bench to bedside research.The creation of tailored microbiome therapy is essential for effective clinical treatment because it takes into account the unique response that every person has to gut microbiota intervention.
In order to advance the notion that young children and their families have a role to play in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, the Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) is pleased to introduce its first publication “Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Promoting Peace and Sustainable Development”. This concept paper summarizes and combines evidence from developmental psychology, health and nutrition, with lessons learned from the peacebuilding and social services administration sectors. The paper will help practitioners appreciate how ECD services can prevent and mitigate conflict between individuals and among groups. This background paper thereby follows in the footsteps of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which acknowledges that “there can be no sustainable development without peace, and no peace without sustainable development.” It exemplifies the role of ECD in supporting the achievement of the SDGs, and in particular Goal 16. The concepts described in the paper align with recent directions in peacebuilding that aim to operationalize socio-economic development interventions so that they simultaneously transform relationships and build social support networks capable of mitigating violent conflict risks.
Chelsea Donaldson, Friedrich W. Affolter, Liliana A. Ponguta et al.
The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda, by contrast to the Millennium Development Goals, provides a global policy framework to address the quality of life of beneficiaries of the remarkable reduction in mortality in those younger than 5 years since the child survival revolution began in 1982.1 The SDGs explicitly commit all governments and the global health community to actions that will “ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education”.
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Mijna Hadders‐Algra, Cecilia Breinbauer et al.
