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The problem
Intervention: Parental feeding practices (monitoring, restriction, pressure-to-eat)
Who it was tested with: 1,535 children (819 boys, 716 girls) aged 3-11 years from 19 schools in Catalonia.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"This cross-sectional study included 1,535 children (819 boys and 716 girls) aged 3 to 11 years recruited from 19 schools in Catalonia between 2022 and 2024. Parental feeding practices and children's HRQoL were assessed by the same parent using the Child Feeding Questionnaire and the KIDSCREEN-10 parent-proxy instrument, respectively." The study measures associations between feeding practices and quality of life but cannot establish causal direction due to the cross-sectional design and single informant.
Cross-sectional design prevents determination of causality. Single-parent reporting for both predictor and outcome variables introduces potential reporting bias. No comparison group or control condition.
Across countries and designs
2 studies · 2 countries
