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The problem
Intervention: Vitamin D supplementation and sunlight exposure
Who it was tested with: 326 perinatal women.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"Serum 25(OH)D was measured at 24-48 hours after delivery" and "PPD was assessed within 6 weeks postpartum" with dose-response analysis and logistic regression modeling. This observational approach measured associations and calculated odds ratios but cannot prove causation or definitively demonstrate that supplementation prevents depression in a randomized trial.
Study design does not establish causation; vitamin D measured only once at 24-48 hours postpartum; no randomized control group to test intervention efficacy; country of origin not specified, limiting generalizability.
Across countries and designs
2 studies · 1 country
