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The problem
Intervention: Early supportive interventions during childhood
Who it was tested with: Belgian adults aged 25-55 years, retrospectively reporting childhood experiences; 189 participants from two academic medical centers.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"Resilience scores were 18.7 points higher among participants who received early supportive interventions during childhood compared to those who did not access such services, even after statistical controlling for baseline adversity levels and socioeconomic confounders." This demonstrates that the study compared resilience outcomes between those with and without early interventions as a measured exposure rather than an experimentally assigned treatment.
Retrospective design introduces recall bias. Cross-sectional outcome measurement at a single timepoint per participant. No randomised control group; comparisons based on reported receipt of services versus non-receipt.
Across countries and designs
2 studies · 2 countries
