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The problem
Intervention: Enhanced engagement in physical activities
Who it was tested with: Children in single-mother families followed from 1st to 6th grade in Japan (N=3,076; 7.2% in single-mother families).
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"Subsequently, the frequency of children's engagement in physical activity was evaluated in 2016 (2nd grade). The resilience of children was assessed in 2020 (in 6th grade) using the Children's Resilient Coping Scale (CRCS). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the mediating effects of physical activity on child resilience." The study measured the same population over time and used statistical modeling to identify physical activity as a mediating pathway between family structure and resilience outcomes.
Study design is observational without a control or comparison group; cannot establish causation. The mediating effect was only found for boys, limiting generalizability. No information on intervention implementation or intensity.
Across countries and designs
3 studies · 2 countries
