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The problem
Intervention: Good nurturing care practices by mothers (measured using validated questionnaire assessing caregiving quality)
Who it was tested with: Toddlers aged 15-39 months with acute illness and their mothers at a health center in Bantul Regency, Indonesia (n=64).
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2024 to January 2025 at Banguntapan II Health Center, Bantul Regency, Indonesia. Sixty-four mother-child dyads were recruited through consecutive sampling. Mothers of acutely ill toddlers (aged 15-39 months) completed validated questionnaires assessing nurturing care practices and child social-emotional development using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE). Chi-square tests examined associations between variables." The cross-sectional design with questionnaire-based measurement of both exposure (nurturing care practices) and outcome (social-emotional development) without a comparison group makes this a PRE_POST tier study, as it shows associations rather than experimental evidence.
Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference; single health center limits generalisability; small sample size (n=64); inability to establish temporal relationship between nurturing care practices and outcomes; potential unmeasured confounding variables
Across countries and designs
5 studies · 4 countries
