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The problem
Intervention: Prospective observation and measurement of emotional and behavioural difficulties and their association with school attendance and academic performance
Who it was tested with: 2,090 primary school children in Ethiopia, ages 6-9 years.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"The association between child EBD symptoms and educational outcomes was examined in an ongoing cohort of 2090 mother-child dyads. Child EBD was measured...using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Educational outcomes were obtained from maternal report (drop-out) at T1 and from school records..." The study prospectively follows children over time with measured exposures and outcomes, making it experimental tier evidence that emotional and behavioural difficulties are associated with increased absenteeism and lower achievement.
This is an observational cohort study establishing associations rather than a randomised controlled trial of an intervention. The study does not test whether addressing emotional and behavioural difficulties would improve outcomes, only that these difficulties are prospectively associated with worse educational outcomes.
Across countries and designs
2 studies · 2 countries
