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The problem
Intervention: Access to improved household toilet facilities (versus open defecation or unimproved facilities)
Who it was tested with: Mother-child pairs with children aged 0 to 59 months in the Bolgatanga Municipality of Northern Ghana.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"A cross-sectional study was carried out in health facilities in the study area. Data collection consisted of mother-child pairs with children aged 0 to 59 months. The outcome variable was stunting, while the main exposure variable was household sanitation facility type and other covariates. Bivariable and Multivariable analyses were used to determine factors associated with stunting." This observational design measured the association between sanitation access and stunting outcomes but cannot determine causal pathways.
Cross-sectional design cannot establish causation; findings are from one municipality and may not generalise; no comparison of intervention effectiveness over time.
Across countries and designs
2 studies · 2 countries
