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The problem
Intervention: Sehat Sahulat Program (SSP), a national health insurance initiative providing insurance coverage to low-income families
Who it was tested with: 4,499 children under 5 years of age in Pakistan, analyzed across wealth quintiles.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"we employed an IV-Probit model and an IV-Quantile Regression (IV-QR) across wealth quintiles, using community-level internet access and distance to the nearest health facility as instrumental variables." The study uses econometric methods with instrumental variables to address endogeneity and wealth-based heterogeneity in a cross-sectional survey, making it an experimental design despite using observational data.
Cross-sectional study design limits causal inference; relies on instrumental variables to address endogeneity but cannot fully establish causality; analysis limited to children under 5 and specific health outcomes measured in the demographic and health survey.
Across countries and designs
3 studies · 1 country
