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10,849 reports · page 984 of 1085

Project reportOpenAlex - Early Childhood8 Oct 2026

BIG BOOK LITERASI NUANSA LINGKUNGAN (BILING) SEBAGAI MEDIA PENGENALAN LINGKUNGAN DI KB AL HIDAYAH PEMALANG

Introducing the environment and cultivating emergent literacy represent crucial foundational aspects of early childhood education. However, practical environmental instruction in classrooms continues to require concrete, contextual, and developmentally appropriate learning media. This performance-based development aims to design the Big Book of Environmental Literacy (BiLiNG) as an instructional medium to introduce environmental concepts while stimulating emergent literacy among young learners at KB Al Hidayah Pemalang. The media development was conducted through four procedural stages: planning, content and visual structuring, physical assembly, and instructional implementation. BiLiNG was engineered as a large-format book incorporating real-world environmental photographs familiar to children, simple narrative texts, vibrant illustrations, and interactive inquiry prompts. The classroom implementation was conducted through shared reading sessions, guided questioning, and structured dialogues. The implementation results demonstrate that utilizing the BiLiNG media effectively enhanced children's visual attention, learning enthusiasm, communicative participation, and verbal responsiveness during the learning process. The children exhibited greater proficiency in identifying, categorizing, and naming various environmental components displayed in the book. These findings confirm that the BiLiNG media serves as a simple, contextual, and relevant alternative instructional medium to foster early environmental awareness and emergent literacy skills in early childhood education. ABSTRAK Pengenalan lingkungan dan pengembangan literasi awal merupakan aspek esensial dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini. Namun, pelaksanaan pembelajaran pengenalan lingkungan di lapangan masih membutuhkan media konkret yang kontekstual, menarik, dan selaras dengan tahapan perkembangan anak. Karya kinerja ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media Big Book Literasi Nuansa Lingkungan (BiLiNG) sebagai sarana pembelajaran guna mengenalkan lingkungan sekaligus menstimulasi literasi awal anak usia dini di KB Al Hidayah Pemalang. Pengembangan media dilakukan melalui empat tahapan prosedural, yaitu perencanaan, penyusunan isi dan ilustrasi, pembuatan media fisik, serta penerapan dalam proses pembelajaran. Media BiLiNG dirancang dalam bentuk buku berukuran besar dengan memanfaatkan dokumentasi foto lingkungan nyata di sekitar anak, teks bersahaja, ilustrasi visual yang kontras, serta stimulus pertanyaan interaktif. Implementasi media diterapkan melalui kegiatan membaca bersama (shared reading), tanya jawab, dan diskusi terarah. Hasil penerapan membuktikan bahwa penggunaan media BiLiNG efektif meningkatkan atensi visual, antusiasme, partisipasi komunikatif, serta respons verbal anak selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Anak menjadi lebih mudah mengenali, membedakan, dan menyebutkan beragam objek lingkungan yang disajikan dalam media. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa media BiLiNG dapat menjadi alternatif sarana instruksional yang sederhana, kontekstual, dan relevan untuk menumbuhkan kepedulian lingkungan serta literasi awal sejak usia dini.

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex - Early Childhood8 Oct 2026

A Multidisciplinary Care Pathway for Childhood Mouth Breathing: The Pediatric Allergist, ENT, and Orthodontic Perspective

Background: Mouth breathing (MB) in children is a functional alteration characterized by the substitution of nasal breathing with oral or mixed breathing. Persistent MB, particularly when occurring during sleep (nocturnal MB), may be associated with sleep fragmentation, neurobehavioral disturbances, and alterations in craniofacial development. Although established sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), particularly obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), is well-recognized and addressed by international guidelines, children presenting with persistent or nocturnal MB without established diagnostic criteria for OSAS may remain outside conventional diagnostic pathways. The multifactorial nature of MB therefore requires the coordinated evaluation of nasal, allergic, upper airway, craniofacial, dental, and orofacial factors. Methods: This narrative review was based primarily on a structured search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database covering publications from database inception to June 2026, supplemented by manual screening of the reference lists of relevant articles and clinical guidelines. The literature was selected according to relevance to the review objectives, methodological robustness, clinical applicability, and contribution to pediatric, allergological, otorhinolaryngological, and dental/orthodontic perspectives. Priority was given to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical practice guidelines, consensus documents, and high-quality observational studies. A total of 80 references were included in the final manuscript. Results: The reviewed evidence indicates that MB may be associated with allergic and nasal conditions, upper airway obstruction, craniofacial and dental abnormalities, and orofacial functional alterations, and may coexist with SDB in selected children. The evidence was synthesized across pediatric, allergological, otorhinolaryngological, and orthodontic perspectives to develop a multidisciplinary care pathway based on the clinical identification of MB, targeted specialist assessment, objective evaluation of SDB when indicated, and individualized management and follow-up. Conclusions: MB may represent an important clinical entry point for the early recognition of potentially treatable conditions and associated SDB. The proposed multidisciplinary care pathway integrates pediatric, allergological, otorhinolaryngological, and dental/orthodontic expertise to support coordinated assessment, individualized management, and longitudinal follow-up of children with MB.

Luca Pecoraro, Martina Attanasi, Francesca Marra et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentITRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex - Early Childhood8 Oct 2026

Adaptive Digital Service Management Using ASYIK ATIK SIUUL Models Supporting Inclusive Early Childhood Education

Adaptive Digital Service Management is increasingly essential for developing intelligent, personalized, and trustworthy digital service ecosystems that can adapt to diverse user requirements. In inclusive Early Childhood Education (ECE), children with disabilities require adaptive assistance mechanisms that continuously respond to individual learning conditions. This study aims to develop and validate an Adaptive Digital Service Management framework by integrating the ASYIK ATIK SIUUL Models with Prompt-based assistance mechanisms to support basic life skills development in inclusive ECE environments. The research applied a Research and Development (R&D) methodology using a mixed-method approach with the ADDIE development model. The participants consisted of 10 children with disabilities from Class A and Class B at PAUD Baitul Huda Kebon Jeruk, West Jakarta. The framework was implemented through 12 basic life skill activities involving 12 achievement indicators over a six-month intervention period. Data were collected using structured observation instruments with a 1–4 rating scale and analyzed using N-Gain evaluation and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test due to the small non-normally distributed paired dataset. The findings demonstrate that the integration of ASYIK ATIK SIUUL Models with Prompt mechanisms improves adaptive learning service effectiveness through continuous observation, personalized assistance adjustment, and progressive fading strategies. The proposed framework provides an adaptive service mechanism that dynamically manages learning support based on individual performance conditions. This study contributes to IJCITSM by presenting a trustworthy and intelligent service management approach that integrates human-centered adaptation, performance monitoring, and personalized digital service delivery. The proposed framework provides practical implications for educators, caregivers, and digital service developers in designing resilient and adaptive learning service systems for inclusive education environments.

Sri Watini, Mohammadtahir Cheumar

DevelopmentPractitionerIDRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex - Early Childhood8 Oct 2026

An early-phase process evaluation of a whole-systems approach to healthy weight among children and families in Wales

Background: Childhood obesity in Wales is a significant public health issue, with prevalence rates particularly high among socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. The Welsh Government has responded to this issue by launching the Healthy Weight: Healthy Wales strategy, which includes the Children and Families Programme. The Children and Families Programme takes a whole-systems approach to increase the proportion of children leaving the school foundation phase (aged between three and seven years) at a healthy weight. This study presents a process evaluation of the early-phase implementation of a childhood obesity-focused evaluation, the Children and Families Programme, across three contrasting localities in Wales: Anglesey, Cardiff, and Merthyr Tydfil. Methods: Thirteen stakeholders involved in the Children and Families Programme were recruited through purposive sampling. The participants represented key roles in public health, dietetics, and community engagement. Semi-structured interviews were co-produced with public health leads and conducted online. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Results: Four key themes were identified: (1) development of the whole-systems approach, (2) partnership working, (3) systemic challenges, and (4) recommendations for future implementation. The findings emphasised the importance of strong leadership, co-production, and cross-sector collaboration. Challenges emerged around system maturity, siloed working, cultural perceptions of weight, and limited time for embedding systemic change. Conclusion: This process evaluation not only highlights the potential of whole-systems approaches in tackling childhood obesity as a complex public health issue, but also underscores the need for time, trust-building, and deeper community engagement. These findings offer actionable guidance for future whole-systems approach initiatives, particularly in the early stages, aimed at reducing health inequalities and improving childhood health outcomes in and beyond Wales.

A Potts, G Sanders, S Bird et al.

SurvivalGBRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex - Early Childhood8 Oct 2026

Gut microbial metabolism of peanuts generates immunoregulatory metabolites

Background. Complementary feeding practices and timing are thought to significantly influence early life immune development, with the early introduction of allergenic foods being especially important for prevention of food allergy. We hypothesized that allergen-containing foods such as peanut, tree nuts and sesame may indirectly influence the immune system via their effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolism. Methods. Fecal samples were sequenced from children at 12 months (n=343) using whole genome metagenomic sequencing. An online questionnaire was used to collect dietary data. In vitro human fecal fermentations with peanuts were performed in bioreactors. Changes in taxa and metabolism were measured using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics respectively. A panel of 7 Bifidobacterium longum strains and 3 B. pseudocatenulatum strains were cultured in vitro in the presence of peanuts and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to assess culture supernatant immunomodulatory effects. Results. Peanut consumption by 12-month-old children was associated with significant changes in gut microbiota composition and metabolism including increased levels of Ruminococcus bromii , Megasphaera micronuciformis , Blautia wexlerae and enrichment of genes supporting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The addition of peanut flour or pre-digested peanuts to human fecal bioreactors increased levels of megasphaera, clostridia and bifidobacteria, associated with high levels of SCFA production. 246 metabolites were significantly altered following peanut fermentation. All 10 tested bifidobacterial strains were able to metabolize peanut in vitro , with B. longum strain 160 being the most effective. Following growth on peanuts, bifidobacterial supernatants enhanced IL-10 secretion, but reduced TNF-alpha and IL-5 secretion from stimulated PBMCs. Conclusions. Peanuts are metabolized by early life microbes generating immunoregulatory metabolites. These metabolites may play an important role in their allergy protective effects complementing mechanisms associated with direct antigen sampling by the immune system.

Emer Shannon, Hannah Devotta, Cebile Ndwandwe et al.

SurvivalIEFIZASERead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2026

How ready are health managers to use effective coverage indicators to monitor and evaluate maternal and child health programmes? A qualitative study in rural Ghana

OBJECTIVE: To explore the readiness of health managers to integrate effective coverage into routine monitoring of maternal and child health (MCH) services in two rural districts of Ghana. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted among purposively selected district and subdistrict health managers in Kintampo North and Kintampo South, Ghana. Two rounds of in-depth interviews explored participants' perceptions and implementation considerations regarding the use of effective coverage. Between the two rounds, participants took part in a 3-month pilot implementation phase. This phase included workshops, hands-on training and planning sessions. During this period, participants were trained to compute and interpret effective coverage using routine data and to explore its application to MCH monitoring and evaluation. Data were analysed thematically in NVivo V.17 using Braun and Clarke's six-phase approach. RESULTS: Following the learning sessions, participants reported an understanding of the components of effective coverage and how to compute and apply the indicator using routine district data. They also reported confidence in computing and interpreting the indicator. In the follow-up interviews, participants expressed willingness to integrate the indicator into routine monitoring processes. However, they identified technical and logistical challenges and inadequate data in the current national health information management system. CONCLUSION: Health managers in rural Ghana expressed willingness to integrate effective coverage into the routine monitoring and evaluation of MCH programmes. However, limited availability of routine data within the national health information management system remains a major barrier to implementation.

Ferguson Saapiire, Charlotte Tawiah, Francis Agbokey et al.

SurvivalGHRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2026

Aid cuts, health financing fragility, and maladaptive resilience in Sierra Leone: a rapid mixed-methods study

Sierra Leone's health system remains highly dependent on external aid, with donor funding accounting for approximately 47% of total health expenditure between 2020 and 2024, compared with a government contribution of around 25-26%. Recent reductions in development assistance for health, including a sharp in-year contraction of USAID-supported health programming during 2024-25 and an approximately 15% reduction in Global Fund allocations, have exposed major structural vulnerabilities in the health financing system. We conducted a rapid mixed-methods study to examine the effects of recent and anticipated aid reductions and the resilience responses emerging across Sierra Leone's health system. The study drew on a review of 19 documents and 11 key informant interviews with stakeholders from government, development partners, civil society, non-governmental organisations, and independent experts. Documentary and interview data were analysed descriptively and thematically, and findings were integrated during interpretation. Several service areas were identified as highly exposed to financing disruption, including reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, HIV, tuberculosis, immunisation, and pharmaceutical supply chains. However, available evidence indicates that immediate service disruptions have so far been limited, and current data do not support firm conclusions about which services have been most affected. Maternal health and immunisation indicators remained comparatively stable in the short term. Documents and interviewees indicated that absorptive responses have prioritised core commodities and selected priority services, while reducing expenditure on outreach, supervision, training, logistics, and other enabling functions. Interviewees reported that households were absorbing much of the financial burden through increased out-of-pocket spending, forgone care, and informal coping mechanisms. Sierra Leone's response shows elements of absorptive and adaptive resilience, but several coping strategies show features consistent with maladaptive resilience and risk becoming maladaptive if prolonged, because they shift costs downward, threaten to deepen inequity, and erode the operational foundations of the health system.

Augustus Osborne, Maria Paola Bertone, Halimatu Kamara et al.

SurvivalSLRead at source

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BIG BOOK LITERASI NUANSA LINGKUNGAN (BILING) SEBAGAI MEDIA PENGENALAN LINGKUNGAN DI KB AL HIDAYAH PEMALANG

A Multidisciplinary Care Pathway for Childhood Mouth Breathing: The Pediatric Allergist, ENT, and Orthodontic Perspective

Latent profiles of resilience associated with problem behaviors among Chinese preschool left-behind children

Adaptive Digital Service Management Using ASYIK ATIK SIUUL Models Supporting Inclusive Early Childhood Education

SLEEP-RELATED EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY AND COGNITIVE VULNERABILITY IN CHILDREN WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED EPILEPSY

An early-phase process evaluation of a whole-systems approach to healthy weight among children and families in Wales

Gut microbial metabolism of peanuts generates immunoregulatory metabolites

How ready are health managers to use effective coverage indicators to monitor and evaluate maternal and child health programmes? A qualitative study in rural Ghana

Aid cuts, health financing fragility, and maladaptive resilience in Sierra Leone: a rapid mixed-methods study

Protecting newborns and infants before birth: Accelerating equitable maternal vaccine introduction in low‐ and middle‐income countries

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