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22,944 reports · page 765 of 2295

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)7 Sept 2026

Community knowledge, attitudes, and preferences towards vitamin A supplementation in a semi-rural health zone, Kasai Oriental, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a mixed-methods study.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A deficiency remains a critical public health challenge and affects children under 5 years of age in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the community-level knowledge, preferences, and attitudes towards vitamin A supplementation in a semi-rural Health Zone, Kasaï-Oriental province. METHODS: A sequential mixed-methods approach was applied; qualitative data included in-depth interviews with community leaders and focus-group discussions with parents (n = 79); quantitative data included a multi-stage sampling survey among caregivers of children under age 5 (n = 420). Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis supported by NVivo 14. The primary respondents for the survey were mothers/caregivers of children under 5-years old. A negative binomial regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with vitamin A knowledge scores using Stata 17. RESULTS: The majority (95.5%) of respondents had relatively low knowledge scores (≤4). As reported by mother/caregiver, knowledge was positively associated with the father's level of education and information from community health workers (adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.35 [1.02-1.78] and 1.56 [1.08-2.23], respectively). The community members had a positive attitude regarding vitamin A supplementation. In addition, the administration of vitamin A in health centres and at households were equally denoted as the preferred approaches. CONCLUSION: Community health workers played a key role in informing the community regarding vitamin A supplementation. Strengthening the competence and interactions of community health workers with community members is a key factor for successful vitamin A supplementation delivery.

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)8 Sept 2026

Implementing school-based nutrition interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of implementation strategies, frameworks, and outcomes.

School-based nutrition interventions are widely used to improve nutrition among children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. This scoping review examined implementation strategies, theories, models, frameworks, and implementation outcomes reported for school-based nutrition interventions in these settings. We included English-language primary studies conducted in school settings in low- and middle-income countries if they reported implementation strategies, implementation outcomes, theories, models or frameworks, barriers, facilitators, adaptation, sustainability, scale-up, or implementation processes. PubMed and Scopus were searched, and reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews were screened. Records were screened independently by two reviewers, and data were synthesized descriptively and thematically. The search identified 1,985 records, and eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in Nepal, Ghana, Pakistan, Tanzania, and India. Implementation strategies included teacher-led delivery, training, stakeholder and community engagement, external partnership support, and integration into school systems. Reported barriers included limited funding, inadequate infrastructure, staff workload, weak coordination, limited monitoring, and dependence on external or parent contributions. Separately, implementation reporting was incomplete, particularly for reach, fidelity, and sustainability. Because the search was restricted to two databases and English-language publications, some relevant evidence may have been missed. Future studies should report implementation processes and outcomes more clearly to support adaptation, scale-up, and long-term delivery.

Oleksandr Kamyshnyi, Iryna Halabitska, Pavlo Petakh et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentNPGHPKTZRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)27 Aug 2026

Multi-Institutional Proton Beam Therapy Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma From the Proton Collaborative Group REG001-09 Registry Study.

PURPOSE: External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is commonly delivered with x-rays, although proton beam therapy (PBT) offers a unique dosimetric advantage that for some patients may translate into meaningful clinical benefit. Most published outcomes of PBT for HCC come from Asian institutions, whereas there is a scarcity of data from Western countries. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We identified patients with nonmetastatic HCC patients treated with definitive PBT at 9 institutions in the United States and enrolled on the Proton Collaborative Group REG001-09 prospective registry study (NCT01255748). The primary study objective was to describe treatment efficacy and safety outcomes. RESULTS: 88 patients were treated from 2013 to 2021. Median age was 68 years (range, 40-91) most with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1 (85.0%). Median tumor size was 4.7 cm (range, 1.2-19 cm). Baseline Child-Pugh (CP) class was A or B in 43 (71.7%) and 15 (25.0%), respectively. The median prescribed biologically effective dose (BED10) was 86.4 Gray relative biological effectiveness (Gy[RBE]) (range, 48.7-144 Gy[RBE]) and median prescribed total dose was 59.1 Gy(RBE) across a median 15 fractions (range, 5-33 fractions). Median follow-up from PBT was 25.1 months (range, 17.5-36.8 months). Estimated 2-year freedom from local failure (FFLF), freedom from intrahepatic failure (FFIF), freedom from distant failure (FFDF), progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) from PBT were 93.4% (95% CI, 86.0%-100.0%), 67.3% (95% CI, 54.2%-80.4%), 91.8% (95% CI, 83.9%-99.7%), 38.4% (95% CI, 26.5%-50.2%), and 54.9% (95% CI, 42.4%-67.4%), respectively. On multivariable analysis, no factors were signficiantly associated with OS after PBT. No grade ≥ 3 toxicity was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Dose-escalated PBT, delivered predominantly with moderate hypofractionation, achieves excellent FFLF with a favorable safety profile. PBT may offer a particular clinical advantage for large HCC and prospective evaluation for this high-risk patient subset is warranted.

Michael D Chuong, Amanda Zakka, Robert A Herrera et al.

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Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)6 Sept 2026

Mental health in children born with gastroschisis.

BACKGROUND: Children born with gastroschisis face multiple challenges when newborn which may increase the risk of mental health issues. This study assessed the prevalence of mental health difficulties in children with gastroschisis and associated clinical factors. METHOD: Parents of 57 children with gastroschisis aged 3-17 years and 23 children aged 11-17 years from a tertiary pediatric surgical center completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a screening instrument for mental health difficulties with four scales focusing on difficulties (Hyperactivity/inattention; Conduct problems; Emotional Symptoms; Peer relationships) and one focusing on strengths (Prosocial behavior). Clinical data were retrieved from medical records. Data was analyzed descriptively and using univariable association analysis. Significance level was considered p < 0.05. RESULT: On child-report, 17.4% and on parent-report, 22.8%, of children with GS had elevated scores on the total difficulties scale of the SDQ. The prevalence of elevated scores on SDQ subscales varied between 13.0 and 30.4% on child-report and 10.5-33.3% on parent-report, with greatest difficulties on the Hyperactivity/Inattention subscale (child-report) and Emotional Symptoms subscale (parent-report). A more complicated postoperative period with infection and bowel ischemia were significantly associated with more difficulties on the Emotional (p = 0.047), Conduct (p = 0.0074), and Hyperactivity/Inattention (p = 0.036) subscales. Children with reports of stomach pain also had more mental health difficulties (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Some children born with GS experience mental health difficulties, particularly following a complicated neonatal period, suggesting a need to screen for mental health issues in the follow-up. However, future multi-centre studies including self- and parent-reported assessments are needed to confirm these findings.

Matilda Bräutigam, Michaela Dellenmark-Blom, Colin Reilly et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentProtectionPractitionerRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)10 Sept 2026

Secondary hypoalbuminemia is independently associated with in-hospital mortality in children with Escherichia coli bloodstream infection.

OBJECTIVE: Hypoalbuminemia is common in critically ill children, however, its prognostic role in pediatric Escherichia coli (E. coli) bloodstream infection (BSI) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between secondary hypoalbuminemia (hypoalbuminemia developing after BSI onset in patients with normal pre-infection albumin levels) and in-hospital mortality in children with E. coli BSI. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 211 children with E. coli BSI. Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to identify risk factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality. A Firth penalized regression was performed as sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 12.32% (26/211). Secondary hypoalbuminemia after BSI occurred in 10.90% (23/211). Multivariable analysis identified four factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality: invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 46.40, 95% CI 3.90-552.62), secondary hypoalbuminemia (OR 10.59, 95% CI 1.39-80.91), higher PRISM III score (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03-1.36), and shorter time to positivity (TTP) (OR 0.71 per hour increase, 95% CI 0.56-0.89; i.e. shorter TTP was associated with higher mortality); all p < 0.05. Survival probability was significantly lower among children who developed secondary hypoalbuminemia (log-rank p = 0.002). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary hypoalbuminemia developing after E. coli BSI is independently associated with mortality in children. Secondary hypoalbuminemia may serve as a dynamic prognostic marker for increased in-hospital mortality in children with E. coli BSI. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to determine its value for clinical risk stratification.

Jie Cheng, Ya Liu, Shaojun Li et al.

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Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)11 Aug 2026

Effects of eHealth interventions on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and post-traumatic stress symptoms among parents of children with cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effects of eHealth interventions on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in parents of children with cancer. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and SinoMed were searched from inception to 31 January 2026. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, assessed risk of bias using RoB 2 and rated certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). For family-randomized trials, standard errors were inflated using a design effect with a primary intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.50; sensitivity analyses used ICCs of 0.10, 0.25, and 0.75. Exploratory subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias assessments were conducted when appropriate. RESULTS: Thirteen randomized controlled trials involving 1022 parents were included in the meta-analysis. eHealth interventions significantly reduced depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.76 to -0.36) and anxiety (SMD = -0.66, 95% CI -1.12 to -0.20). The effect on quality of life was not statistically significant (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.78). A significant reduction in post-traumatic stress symptoms was observed (SMD = -0.48, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.11), but this result was not stable in sensitivity analysis. For anxiety, excluding one influential study reduced the pooled effect to -0.45 (95% CI -0.62 to -0.27) and I 2 from 80.5% to 28.5%. Effect directions, statistical significance, and certainty ratings were unchanged across ICC assumptions of 0.10-0.75. The certainty of evidence was moderate for depression and very low for anxiety, quality of life and post-traumatic stress symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: eHealth interventions may help reduce depression in parents of children with cancer. Evidence for anxiety, quality of life and post-traumatic stress symptoms remains limited and should be interpreted with caution. More rigorous randomized controlled trials with clearer intervention reporting, longer follow-up, and better adherence data are needed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: CRD420251236158.

Jianmei Zhu, Xiaofei Chen, Yaping Ding

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Every report we find, newest first.

How to use the reports

Community knowledge, attitudes, and preferences towards vitamin A supplementation in a semi-rural health zone, Kasai Oriental, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a mixed-methods study.

Regulation of neural connectivity and oscillations by cannabinoids: A review.

Implementing school-based nutrition interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of implementation strategies, frameworks, and outcomes.

Multi-Institutional Proton Beam Therapy Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma From the Proton Collaborative Group REG001-09 Registry Study.

Mental health in children born with gastroschisis.

Dietary exposure to mycotoxins for children aged 3-11 years from a Dutch Total Diet Study.

Argument in Favor of Reporting Adult-onset Conditions in Prenatal Diagnosis.

Islamic lifesaving human milk donation model for small and sick preterm: Policy development.

Secondary hypoalbuminemia is independently associated with in-hospital mortality in children with Escherichia coli bloodstream infection.

Effects of eHealth interventions on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and post-traumatic stress symptoms among parents of children with cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

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