Reports

Every report we find, newest first.

Reports gathered from around the world, newest first.

How to use the reports

1Search by title, author or topic, or narrow the list by right, region and type of design.
2Open a report to read its summary and the findings taken from it.
3Choose "Read at source" to go to the original document.
4For older reports, set Age of report to Archive.

23,465 reports · page 747 of 2347

Evaluation reportEurope PMC9 Jul 2026

Interconnected Maternal and Child Determinants of Under-Five Morbidity in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study for a Holistic Care Model to Achieve SDG 3

Abstract Background High childhood morbidity from infectious diseases in Indonesia remains a significant barrier to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, Target 3.2. A holistic maternal-child care approach that integrates physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions is essential. However, current care models are often fragmented, failing to address the complex interplay of risk factors across the continuum from pregnancy through early childhood. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sleman Regency, Indonesia, involving 450 children aged 12–59 months selected via multistage cluster sampling. Guided by the Holistic Maternal and Child Health Continuum of Care Model, data on maternal factors (anemia, pre-eclampsia, ANC utilization) and child factors (immunization status, stunting, developmental delay) were extracted from health records, including Maternal and Child Health (KIA) books and integrated service posts records. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predictors of childhood illness, controlling for socioeconomic confounders (p < 0.05). Results Maternal anemia (48.3% prevalence) significantly increased disease risk (aOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.38–3.35). Inadequate ANC (< 6 visits) was associated with a 1.78-fold increased risk (aOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.15–2.75). Child factors emerged as the strongest predictors: stunting was the most significant (aOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.58–3.80), with stunted children showing over five times the odds of illness (crude OR = 5.20; 95% CI: 3.44–7.86). Incomplete immunization (aOR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.48–3.51) and developmental delay (aOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.05–3.51) were also significant independent predictors. The model explained 42% of the variance in childhood illness (Nagelkerke R²=0.42). Conclusion To reduce childhood illness and advance SDG 3 targets, a nurse/midwife-coordinated holistic care model is critical. This model must address interconnected physical, psychological, social, and spiritual determinants. Practical implementation requires integrated maternal-child health records, family-centered care, and continuity from preconception through early childhood. Such a model offers a pathway to improve child health outcomes and accelerate progress toward SDG 3 in Indonesia and similar settings.

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC9 Jul 2026

Trajectories and correlates of Latino/a children's sibling relationships.

This study contributes to research on the patterns of change in, and parent-child relationship correlates of, sibling relationships in Latino/a children in middle childhood and early adolescence. Specifically, the study goals were to (a) chart age-related trajectories of sibling intimacy and conflict between 6 and 12 years of age using a cohort-sequential accelerated longitudinal design and (b) examine between-person and within-person associations with parent-child warmth and conflict. Data were collected from a three-cohort study of 285 Latino sibling pairs and their caregivers, who participated at three time points over an 18-month period in a randomized clinical trial. Results of multilevel longitudinal growth models revealed a quadratic effect of sibling intimacy, with moderation by child sex, and a linear effect of sibling conflict, moderated by mother nativity. Findings of multilevel models further revealed that mother-child (but not father-child) warmth was linked to sibling intimacy, suggesting that higher maternal warmth was related to greater sibling intimacy, on average, across time (between-person effect). Regarding conflict, there was a significant between-person effect of father-child conflict on sibling conflict, with higher average father-child conflict associated with higher sibling conflict over time. A within-person effect of mother-child conflict on sibling conflict revealed that on occasions when mothers reported greater conflict with their children than usual, children reported more sibling conflict. The discussion considers age-related changes in sibling relationships and the interplay of family dynamics in Latino families during middle childhood and the transition to adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Duran JG, Updegraff KA, Son D et al.

DevelopmentParticipationUSRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC25 Jun 2026

Childhood abuse, adolescent legal cynicism, and early adult criminal justice involvement: A five-wave longitudinal analysis of timing, typology, and cumulative exposure.

Background Childhood abuse has been identified as a significant risk factor for criminal justice involvement in early adulthood. However, limited research has examined how the timing, typology, and cumulative exposure to childhood abuse are associated with this outcome. In addition, the relationship between childhood abuse and adolescent legal cynicism remains insufficiently understood. Objective This study examined the associations of timing, typological, and cumulative dimensions of childhood abuse with adolescent legal cynicism and criminal justice involvement in early adulthood, and further tested the mediating role of legal cynicism. Participants and setting Data were drawn from 1929 participants in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, which conducted five waves of assessments in childhood (ages 3, 5, and 9), adolescence (age 15), and early adulthood (age 22). Methods Logistic and linear regression models with bootstrap procedures were employed. Results Physical abuse at ages 5 (OR = 1.162, 95% CI = 1.005-1.343) and 9 (OR = 1.189, 95% CI = 1.039-1.360), as well as emotional abuse at ages 5 (OR = 1.182, 95% CI = 1.023-1.367) and 9 (OR = 1.199, 95% CI = 1.051-1.367), were significantly and positively associated with criminal justice involvement in early adulthood. In contrast, emotional abuse at age 3 was not significantly associated with this outcome (OR = 1.145, 95% CI = 0.991-1.324). Overall abuse at ages 3, 5, and 9 (ORs ranged from 1.201 to 1.239, all 95% CIs excluded 1), as well as cumulative abuse across these developmental periods (ORs ranged from 1.204 to 1.254, all 95% CIs excluded 1), were positively associated with criminal justice involvement. In addition, all three dimensions of childhood abuse were significantly and positively associated with adolescent legal cynicism (Bs ranged from 0.057 to 0.107, all p < 0.05), which in turn mediated the associations between childhood abuse and criminal justice involvement (indirect effects ranged from 0.017 to 0.029, with 95% CIs excluding 0). Conclusions Childhood abuse demonstrates temporal sensitivity, typological specificity, and cumulative associations with criminal justice involvement in early adulthood, whereas its associations with adolescent legal cynicism appear relatively stable across developmental dimensions. These findings highlight the importance of integrating child protection strategies into criminal justice interventions while accounting for the multidimensional nature of childhood abuse.

Shi J, Jiang C, Shi D

ProtectionExperimentalUSRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC25 Jun 2026

A life-course approach to the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and mental health in a longitudinal UK birth cohort (ALSPAC).

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impact children's psychological development and subsequent mental health. However, life-course trajectories of ACEs on common mental health outcomes in adulthood have not been explored in depth. We analysed longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the UK to determine the best-fitting life-course models between ACEs and mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety) at 17 and 24 years, using a Structured Life Course Modelling Approach. Six ACEs related to interpersonal trauma were integrated into life-course hypotheses, including: critical periods (at ages 0-5, 5-11 and 11-17), ACE accumulation, ever-experiencing ACEs and persistent ACE exposure. ACEs during late childhood/early adolescence (11-17 years) had the strongest association with depression and anxiety at age 24, with any ACEs at this time-point approximately doubling the odds of diagnoses. A weaker association with ACEs in middle childhood (5-11 years) on depression was also observed (approx. 50 per cent increase in odds). Results at age 17 were similar, with a consistent relationship between ACE exposure in late childhood/early adolescence on depression and anxiety, potentially combined with weaker exposure effects in middle childhood and/or accumulation effects. Life-course trajectories for analyses of the individual ACEs were more inconsistent, potentially due to the relative rarity of these events and their correlation over time, but often also indicated strongest relationships during late childhood/early adolescence. In sum, traumatic ACEs during late childhood/early adolescence may have the strongest effect on subsequent mental health in early adulthood, although we cannot distinguish 'critical period' and 'recency' effects.

Tran HGN, Morgan J, Major-Smith D

ProtectionDevelopmentExperimentalGBRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC8 Aug 2026

Incomplete male puberty: a new nosographic entity.

Purpose Incomplete male puberty is a recently proposed nosographic entity defined by the development of normal secondary sexual characteristics in boys who nonetheless fail to achieve adequate testicular volume (<12 mL) during puberty due to underlying Sertoli cell dysfunction. The condition typically goes unrecognised until the first spermiogram reveals azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. This review examines the pathophysiology, available diagnostic tools, and clinical management strategies. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across SciSpace, PubMed, and Google Scholar covering Sertoli cell biology, AMH and Inhibin B as biomarkers, minipuberty physiology, endocrine disruptors, cryptorchidism, maternal metabolic disorders, and nutritional influences on testicular development. More than 500 relevant publications were retrieved and synthesised. This is a narrative review; no standardized or systematic methodology was applied for manuscript selection. Results Minipuberty (months 1-6 of life) represents the earliest and most informative diagnostic window: Inhibin B peaks at 378 ± 23 pg/mL and AMH rises sharply, both reflecting Sertoli cell mass and function. Inhibin B below 60 pg/mL during this window predicts poor spermatogenic outcomes. Pubertal testicular volume progression below the P10 centile, or failure to reach ≥12 mL in adulthood, constitutes a cardinal sign. High-risk categories include cryptorchidism (bilateral Sertoli impairment in 70% of unilateral cases), offspring of diabetic or hypothyroid mothers, and boys exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in utero. Conclusion A structured surveillance protocol combining early infancy hormonal screening during minipuberty, serial orchidometry throughout childhood, and targeted Sertoli cell stimulation tests can identify incomplete male puberty years before irreversible spermatogenic failure. Early recognition enables timely intervention and counselling.

La Vignera S, Condorelli RA

Read at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC23 Sept 2026

Maternal-Fetal Exposome and Early-Life Microbiota-Pattern Recognition Receptors Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Susceptibility: A Mechanistic Review.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops through interactions among genetic susceptibility, intestinal microbiota, environmental exposures, and dysregulated mucosal immunity. Increasing evidence suggests that these interactions may begin before diagnosis-and possibly before birth-when maternal signals, microbial assembly, epithelial maturation, and immune education intersect. This narrative review synthesizes findings from human observational and cohort studies, experimental animal and cellular models, and mechanistic literature to examine how prenatal and early-life exposures may influence later IBD susceptibility. Human cohort studies associate later IBD with several early-life exposures, particularly repeated antibiotic use, whereas evidence for dietary, delivery, and household factors remains heterogeneous and vulnerable to confounding. Studies of pregnancies affected by IBD identify altered maternal and infant microbial and immune features but do not establish causality. Experimental models provide stronger mechanistic evidence that maternal microbial signals influence offspring immune development, neonatal epithelial cells acquire context-dependent tolerance, and microbial metabolites regulate regulatory T cells, type 17 immunity, barrier function, and chromatin-modifying enzymes. Histamine-receptor signaling further illustrates receptor-specific modulation of bacterial TLR (Toll-like receptors) responses in established IBD, although its role in early-life programming remains unproven. We propose a testable "developmental inflammatory set-point" model in which cell type, tissue compartment, timing, signal intensity, and host genotype determine whether microbial sensing promotes tolerance or persistent inflammatory readiness. This model is biologically plausible but remains unvalidated as a predictor of human IBD.

Jurkiewicz K, Smolinska-Wilczynska S

Read at source

Every report we find, newest first.

How to use the reports

Interconnected Maternal and Child Determinants of Under-Five Morbidity in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study for a Holistic Care Model to Achieve SDG 3

Trajectories and correlates of Latino/a children's sibling relationships.

Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Prevention: From Evidence to Implementation in Complex Systems.

Childhood abuse, adolescent legal cynicism, and early adult criminal justice involvement: A five-wave longitudinal analysis of timing, typology, and cumulative exposure.

A life-course approach to the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and mental health in a longitudinal UK birth cohort (ALSPAC).

Incomplete male puberty: a new nosographic entity.

Perceptions and interest in applied educational neuroscience: a diagnostic study of Brazilian teachers.

Listening Difficulties and the Maturation of the Central Auditory Nervous System – A Narrative Review

Timing of childhood adversity and cognitive profiles in adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Maternal-Fetal Exposome and Early-Life Microbiota-Pattern Recognition Receptors Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Susceptibility: A Mechanistic Review.

Search the Hub

Every report we find, newest first.

How to use the reports