There is an urgent need for a rigorous science of patient and public participation, involvement and engagement (PPIE) in child and adolescent mental health research. In this Perspective we argue that current PPIE practices lack solid theoretical foundations and require systematic evaluation of their epistemic and ethical impacts. We call for the development of clear concepts of ‘lived experience’ and ‘voice’ and the establishment of a shared framework to assess the value of PPIE in advancing discovery science. We end with ten initial questions to advance open, multi-stakeholder dialogue and debate on PPIE in the field. In this Perspective, Singh et al. examine the growing role of patient and public participation, involvement and engagement in discovery science, highlighting the need for clearer guidance in the context of youth mental health research.
Ilina Singh, Essi M. Viding, Lucienne Jeannette Spencer et al.
Child physical activity (PA) declines during summer reducing PA-related health benefits. Summer care programs (e.g., Boys & Girls Clubs) can promote active play while providing opportunities for friendships. Sport participation is a positive influence on PA and social development. Purpose: This article investigates the role of sport participation in PA attainment, perceived skill competency, and social connection at a summer care program. Methods: Children self-reported PA, sport participation, and the names of up to five peers whom they played with most at the program at the start (T1; n = 100; M age = 9.94 years; SD = 1.34; 47% male) and end (T2; n = 77; M age = 9.83 years; SD = 1.46; 51% male) of summer. Network autocorrelation models were used to determine if child sport participation was significantly associated with those they played with at the program. Results:Children who reported sport participation reported significantly more PA than those who did not at T1, but not T2. Child sport participation was significantly related to that of the peers they said they spent time with while at the program for T1 (β = 0.07, p < .01), but not T2 (β = 0.06, p = .10). Additionally, PA (β = 0.08, p < .01; β = 0.07, p = .01) and skill competency (β = 0.11, p = .02; β = 0.15, p < .01) were significantly associated with sport participation at both time points. While sports participation was a key factor in child friendships at the start of summer, the program allowed children, regardless of sport participation, to become friends outside of sports. Conclusions: These results suggest summer care programs promote PA through play and provide opportunities for children to facilitate friendships regardless of sport participation.
Tyler M. Prochnow, Megan S. Patterson, Andrew R. Meyer et al.
본 연구의 목적은 아버지의 양육참여가 자녀권리존중 실행에 미치는 영향에서 부모효능감이 아버지의 양육참여와 자녀권리존중 실행과의 관계를 매개하는 변인인지를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구대상은 경기지역의 어린이집에 재원중인 만1세-만5세의 영유아 아버지 252명을 대상으로 설문지 조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아버지의 양육참여, 부모효능감, 자녀권리존중 실행 간의 관계를 살펴본 결과 각 변인 간 모두 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 나타냈다. 둘째, 아버지의 양육참여는 자녀권리존중 실행전체에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 특히, 아버지의 양육참여의 놀이· 문화지원과 사회·정서지원은 자녀권리존중 실행에 영향을 미치는 의미 있는 변인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 아버지의 양육참여가 자녀권리존중 실행에 미치는 영향에서 부모효능감이 매개되면 영향력은 더 향상되었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 자녀권리존중 실행을 위해 아버지가 양육참여에 있어 부모효능감을 높이기 위한 프로그램 개발과 부모교육의 필요성을 시사한다.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether parental efficacy mediates the relationship between father s parenting participation and child s rights respect in the effect of father s parenting participation. The subjects were 252 fathers with 1 to 5 year-old children from day-care center in Gyeonggi-do. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0. First, as a result of examining the relationship among father s parenting participation, parental efficacy, and respect for children s rights, all variables showed a significant positive correlation. Second, father s parenting participation has a positive effect on the performance of respect for children s rights, and in particular, play, cultural support, and social and emotional support of father s participation are significant variables in the implementation of respect for children s rights. Third, the influence of father s parenting participation on the execution of respect for children s rights was mediated by the parental efficacy. This study is meaningful in that it proved a positive effect on the practice of respecting children s rights when father s parenting participation was mediated by the parental efficacy. Based on the results of this study, it suggests the necessity of program development and parent education in order to increase parental efficacy in parenting participation for the implementation of respect for children s rights.
Purpose: Parents’ attendance, participation and engagement are thought to be critical components of children’s rehabilitation services; however, these elements of therapy are typically under-investigated. The purpose of this study was to develop a substantive theory of parents’ attendance, participation and engagement in children’s rehabilitation services.Methods: A constructivist grounded theory study was conducted. Data collection included interviews with parents (n = 20) and clinicians (n = 4), policies regarding discharge, and child-health records. Data was analyzed using constant comparison, coding and memoing. To promote credibility, authors engaged in reflexivity, peer debriefing, member checking, triangulation and recorded an audit trail.Results and conclusions: The Phoenix Theory of Attendance, Participation and Engagement was developed. This theory is described metaphorically as a journey to child health and happiness that has six components including: parent’s feelings, skills, knowledge, logistics, values and beliefs and parent’s relationship with the professional. The child, parent, service provider, and organizational factors that impact engagement are described. Service providers, policy makers, organizational leaders and researchers can use this information to promote engagement in children’s developmental rehabilitation services.
Michelle P Phoenix, Susan Michelle Jack, Peter Rosenbaum et al.
PURPOSES: Enhancing children's daily participation is the optimal goal of early childhood intervention. This study aimed to identify child and family predictors of participation for toddlers with global developmental delay. METHODS: Fifty-nine toddlers with global developmental delay (aged 24-43 months) and their mothers participated in a 6-month longitudinal study. Predictors for participation were child factors [age, gender, delay severity, mastery motivation (perceived persistence and task persistence), and withdrawal behavior], and family factors (socioeconomic status, family income, maternal education, stress, and maternal teaching behavior). Dependent variables were participation diversity and intensity of four activity types measured 6-month later using the Assessment of Preschool Children's Participation (Chinese version). Correlation and hierarchical regression statistical methods were used. RESULTS: Older children with higher persistence had higher overall participation. Different factors predicted different participation dimensions and different activity types. Older age, higher perceived persistence, and being less withdrawn predicted higher diversity and intensity for play participation. For skill development participation, older age, less severity, higher mastery motivation, and better maternal teaching behaviors predicted higher diversity; and age, mastery motivation and maternal teaching predicted intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Different factors predict participation attendance differently. Supporting parents to enhance toddlers' mastery motivation may optimize children's participation in daily activities.Implications for rehabilitationBased on the child and their caregiver preferences, applicability and/or engagement for different activity types, interventionists could collaborate further with caregivers to find strategies to increase children's participation attendance in daily life.Interventionists could consult with caregivers: (a) to observe the persistence and positive affect (mastery motivation) of children during different activities, (b) to figure out the possible barriers to participation in those activities, and (c) to demonstrate appropriate caregiver-child interactions.Interventionists are encouraged to support children's mastery motivation and quality of maternal teaching behaviors to enhance participation in daily activities.
Bakgrund: Barnhälsovården (BHV) ska utgå från en evidensbaserad grund och verka utifrån ett familjecentrerat och inkluderande arbetssätt. I mötet med föräldrarna ska sjuksköterskan arbeta för att skapa ett partnerskap och förutsättningar för att öka båda föräldrarnas delaktighet och bidra till barnets hälsa och utveckling.Syfte: Att beskriva fäders delaktighet inom barnhälsovård. Metod: Litteraturstudien genomfördes med systematisk sökning, granskning och analys av vetenskaplig forskning. 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som besvarade syftet inkluderades i litteraturstudiens resultat. Resultat: Fyra kategorier framkom; mötet mellan sjuksköterskan och fäderna, bvc -miljö, tillgänglighet och informationskälla, deltagande i föräldragrupper och“pappagrupper” samt påverkan av traditionella könsroller. Slutsats: Både fäder och sjuksköterskor upplever fäders delaktighet inom BHV som önskvärt, särskilt då det ger positiva effekter för både barnets och familjens hälsa och välmående. Trots detta görs inte fäderna delaktiga på samma sätt som mödrarna. Både BHV:s och sjuksköterskans förutsättningar spelade in för att öka fäders delaktighet men även traditionella könsroller som samhällets, sjuksköterskans och föräldrarnas syn på föräldraskap.
This research used proxy reports and questionnaire-based data to explore characteristics related to participation among autistic children. The research aimed to explore child enjoyment and parental satisfaction in different activity configurations, including active and sedentary pursuits and activities in which children participate alone or in groups. Parents/guardians (n = 100) of autistic children aged 4–15 years completed questionnaire-based assessments of their autistic child’s motor skills, social skills, and characteristics of participation. Regression analyses were completed to elucidate the factors that may contribute to a child’s enjoyment of and parental satisfaction with the child’s participation in the different activity configurations. A strong positive correlation was found between motor and social skills, and for motor and social skills in concert with the different activity configurations. Regression analyses found that the social skills of autistic children were related to participation in most of the activity configurations for both the child’s enjoyment and parental satisfaction in participation. Other results indicated that lower social skills were more strongly related to child enjoyment and parental satisfaction, and that the highest enjoyment and satisfaction scores were found for the sedentary and individual activities. These results reinforce the impact of social skills on participation in various activities, and the need for early intervention to promote skill development among autistic children.
Danielle Salters, Samiya Sheiknur, Sara M. Scharoun Benson
Engaging in meaningful activities (e.g., leisure, spiritual, fitness) significantly affects caregivers' quality of life (QoL), yet the determinants of participation in caregivers of Autistic children remain largely unknown. The current study examined child and caregiver correlates of primary caregiver participation in meaningful activities. One hundred and six primary caregivers of Autistic children (7-12 years) were recruited from three unique cohorts of Autistic children in this cross-sectional study. Primary caregivers completed online questionnaires measuring occupational gaps (i.e., desired activities caregivers are not participating in), QoL, parenting stress, perceived family outcomes, and social support. In addition to undertaking direct assessments of children's cognition and language, primary caregivers also reported on their child's adaptive behavior, social-emotional skills, and participation. Caregivers reporting fewer occupational gaps (i.e., ≤2 desired activities) were more likely to have Autistic children with no co-occurring conditions, who were older, and with better adaptive behaviors, social-emotional skills, and more frequent home and school participation, compared to caregivers reporting many gaps (i.e., ≥3 desired activities). Caregivers with fewer occupational gaps also reported improved QoL, parenting stress, social support, perceived community inclusiveness, and family outcomes. Logistic regression analysis identified child age, child adaptive behavior, social-emotional skills, home participation, and the caregivers' perceived family outcomes and QoL as important predictors of their occupational gaps. The findings demonstrate that caregiver participation in desired activities was associated with increased functional ability and independence of the child, as well as their perceived capacity to meet their child's needs. Supporting parents' sense of efficacy in meeting their children's needs and building their skills and knowledge will serve to improve both caregiver and child outcomes.
Gemma Davy, Josephine Barbaro, Katy L. Unwin et al.
Pediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) can lead to lifelong challenges restricting social participation, which is an important goal for rehabilitation due to associations with improved wellbeing. This evaluation considered the utility of the Child Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP) in ABI rehabilitation services. The 20-item measure is rated on a Likert scale with reference to what the rater would expect of their child at that age, including "not applicable" (N/A). It showed high internal consistency (α = 0.954-0.968). Two-step cluster analysis indicated greater difficulties in children with lower participation, including more impairments of executive function and higher staff involvement. Between-group analysis indicated higher rates of N/A answers for younger children and those of ethnic minorities. Overall, the CASP is reliable and clinically useful on an individual level, helping identify people who may need prioritizing for neurorehabilitation; however, group-level analyses were more challenging due to high frequency of N/A responses.
Leona Wolters, William F. White, Holly Ellerton et al.
