The aim of this study was to explore the awareness level of teachers towards human rights specifically child rights in secondary schools and its implications for educational policy in Punjab-Pakistan in order to layout ways of improvement for child rights. This paper investigated the problems with reference to national perspective and was delimited to only teachers working in secondary schools of Punjab, Pakistan. Using cross sectional and quantitative method design a survey was distributed to 1350 teachers (9th & 10th class). Simple random sampling method was used to select the sample. The response rate of teachers, was 95% (1277). The data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of t-test and ANOVA applied on teachers’, scale who sensitized statistically different perceptions (KAP- Knowledge, Attitude and Practice), in terms of provision, protection and participation (3Ps) about child rights (UNCRC) in secondary schools of Punjab. The subjects which are having children with them had perceived almost equally as compared to those without children in terms of provision, protection and participation of child rights. ANOVA results based on different age, academic qualification and service experience of teachers had shown statistically different views about 3Ps of child rights.
Abstract The impact of family size on female participation in the labor market has long intrigued economists, with inconclusive findings. This paper examines the dynamic effect of having a second child on female workforce participation in China by utilizing the 2015 universal two‐child policy as a quasi‐natural experiment. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies and employing the difference‐in‐differences model, this study found that for policy‐targeted women, the net effect of having a second child on their workforce participation was insignificant following the policy's implementation. However, upon further exploration of the time‐varying effect, it was discovered that in the first two years after they gave birth, policy‐targeted women were significantly less likely to enter the workforce due to child‐care needs. However, influenced by increased household economic pressure, the likelihood of women entering the workforce increased significantly in the fourth year after giving birth. These results indicate that the effect of a second child on female workforce participation was not uniform and displayed temporal variability. This study enriches the existing literature on how family size affects female workforce participation and contributes to a deeper understanding of the effects of relaxed fertility policies.
Oral language is central to young children’s participation, learning, and later educational opportunity. This study reports the baseline stage of a planned classroom action research project examining structured teacher–child questioning in a rural Indonesian early childhood education and care (ECEC) center. Aggregate baseline records for 15 children aged 5–6 years were analyzed descriptively. Seven children (46.7%) were classified as Not Yet Developing, six (40.0%) as Emerging, two (13.3%) as Developing as Expected, and none as Very Well Developed in the center’s existing language-development framework. Eight children were reported to experience participation barriers, including delayed responses to educator questions (n = 5), unclear speech articulation (n = 2), and limited spontaneous verbal initiation (n = 1). The manuscript translates these findings into a two-cycle questioning protocol that prioritizes open prompts, wait time, contingent expansion, peer uptake, and brief observation records. The contribution is an equity-oriented framework for widening oral-language participation in rural ECEC, rather than a claim of intervention efficacy. Because no Cycle I or Cycle II outcome data were available in the source records, causal improvement is not inferred. Future implementation should report child-level, de-identified trajectories, intervention fidelity, and safeguarding procedures.
The research was carried out to determine the internet use of primary school children during the COVID-19 pandemic process. 941 parents, who have primary school children (between 1st and 8th grades) in Turkey, who approved participating in the study, and who answered the questionnaire online, constituted the scope of the descriptive research. It was determined that the average age of the children within the scope of the study was 9.61±2.2 years, 52.5% of them were boys, and 64.2% went to public school. It was determined that 94.6% of the children had an internet connection at home and 56.5% of their parents did not use the "Internet Safety Program", 51.8% of the parents "frequently" checked their children while they were using the internet, 75.2% of the children had his own electronic device (tablet, mobile phone, computer etc.). Parents stated that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the internet use rates of their children increased (83.3%), their children developed behavioral changes due to internet use (31.5%), and that they encountered with unwanted contents on the internet (15.2%). It was determined that the daily internet use time of children was 2.06±1.33 hours before the pandemic while it increased to 4.39±2.31 hours during the pandemic period (p <0.001). As a result of the research, it was determined that the rate of internet use of primary school children increased during the COVID-19 process, and that age, gender and family attitude had a significant effect on this increase.
This study is to research on solutions to create awareness among teenagers and children through independent learning. The cybersecurity threats faced by teenagers and children has been increasing. Research have been conducted to study the current cyber security issues that children and teenager face as well as current solutions available to educate them on cybersecurity issues. The pros and cons of current available system and ideas to innovate the current system to provide better exposure on cybersecurity awareness have been studied. Probability sampling technique with stratified sampling technique have been suggested to study the data obtained through survey forms. The results from this research will be used to design a self-learning cybersecurity education system for children and teenagers. This will ensure that healthy internet behaviors among children and teenagers from the Gen Z will be aided.
Pediatric palliative care has increasingly shifted from acute clinical settings to the home context, in order to optimize quality of life for children with life-limiting conditions and their families. While the premise of providing care to children in their homes promotes comfort for children and family cohesion, this mode of care also goes along with family members managing complicated medical tasks, often involving high-alert medications, such as opioids, sedatives, and chemotherapeutic agents. Safety is of paramount concern for those caring in home settings where the benefit of safety protocols to mitigate risk, or formal professional oversight, are absent. Whereas many safety reporting frameworks may be able to be applied to hospital settings, these systems often do not report on the complexities of drug delivery and medication safety, specifically in home environments. The present study utilizes a netnographic approach to understand how parents exchange their experiences in health communities and discussion forums because these online interactions serve as a platform when parents communicate about drug delivery errors and seek advice about their concerns regarding medications. Through an analysis of the digital narratives, we identify features of drug delivery errors, devices or equipment failing, and how safety incidents affected parents psychologically. Our analysis highlights how online communities serve as a "shadow safety system," where parents share informal strategies to mitigate risks and provide social support. Findings demonstrate the need for stepped up professional guidance and user-centered designs of medical devices or interventions for home care, along with a re-conceptualization of risk and safety frameworks suitable for the socio-technical nature of ppc at home. Our research presents a contribution to the field with a "critical counter-narrative" to traditional safety data in hospitals and highlights the importance of digital health literacy as an essential part of safety in the context of patient safety.
Jestoni Dulva Maniago, Floreliz V. Ngaya-an, Oscar Maramag Turingan et al.
In today’s digital era, the internet has emerged as a crucial and vital aspect of daily life, not only accessible to adults but also heavily consumed by teenagers and children alike for a multitude of purposes. This study seeks to investigate the diverse usage of the internet and mobile technologies by children from Baluchistan, aged from 9 to 17 years. It incorporates a quantitative approach, whereby the objective is to examine and explore online activities, their potential benefits, risks, and possible protective measures to be employed for young netizens. Around 103 children, ranging in age from 9 to 17, hailing from Baluchistan, the underdeveloped province of Pakistan were randomly sampled based on their access to the Internet and mobile phones. They were investigated for their day-to-day net usage and social media engagement. The findings of the study reveal that a significant majority of the children residing in the province have easy access to online platforms via mobile phones. Social media applications and online games are the major attractions that constitute most of their online activity, despite adults’ concerns about its current and potential impact on their physical, social, and mental well-being. A carefully designed UNESCO questionnaire was utilized as a tool to survey the sampled children, which was divided into 10 broad sections and consisted of around 100 questions. From each section, 16 questions were carefully identified and included in the current study, covering compelling aspects of digital media usage and its implications for young internet users.
Abstract. The rise of information technology provokes problems around the use of incorrect information flows that could lead to a dangerous circumstance. Data from a study conducted by KPAI in 2011-2014 reported 932 characteristics of pornography and cyber-crime that made children the main target. Hence, parents and adolescent must understand how to protect their teens in the abuse of social media. However, according to digital literacy survey that was held by Kominfo, the central part of Indonesia, such as Bali, Kalimantan and Sulawesi, has a relatively better digital literacy status compared to the western and eastern regions. Furthermore, the survey also stated that Banten is an area with a lower score when compared to Eastern regions such as Maluku and Papua regarding information and data literacy (Kominfo, 2020). Therefore, this mini research was conducted in Banten Province in order to understand the level of vulnerability of social media usage among adolescents and the level of parental understanding of online safety in the use of social media. This study used quantitative approaches in order to understand the challenges faced by parents and adolescent regarding media literacy. The result showed that parental control strategies are urgently needed so that adolescents are not negatively affected by social media. Furthermore, there is a need to organize activities or workshops to improve digital literacy skills for both parents and adolescent in Banten Province.
BACKGROUND: Although it is globally known that Japan has high prevalence of active school travel among children, there are few international studies on Japanese children's school travel. Moreover, only few studies have focused on the differences in their mode of travel between to-school and from-school. This study examined the associations of neighborhood built, safety, and social environments with walking to/from school among elementary school-aged children in Chiba, Japan. METHODS: We conducted an online survey with 1545 parents of children aged 6-12 years residing in Chiba between 25 and 27 November 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. A neighborhood was defined as the area of a postcode provided by the participants. Each neighborhood environment was assessed based on the built environment (new town designation, walkability, distance to school, population density), social environment (neighborhood cohesion and connection), and safety (CCTVs, a road section for walking alone, safety volunteers). Neighborhood walkability was measured using subscales of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (youth and abbreviated versions) including crime safety and traffic safety. Parents' perceived influence of COVID-19 on school commuting and after-school activities were also included in the model as covariates. Walking to and from school were separately analyzed using multinomial logistic regressions, where new towns and walkability were computed separately as explanatory variables. RESULTS: Four fifths of children walked to and from school daily. Walking to school was positively associated with crime safety, neighborhood connections, and schools sited in new towns. Walking from school had positive associations with traffic safety, neighborhood cohesion, and CCTVs, but negative associations with safety volunteers and after-school activities. The presence of a section for walking alone and perceived influence of COVID-19 had negative associations with walking to and from school. CONCLUSIONS: Recent social changes such as declining birthrate, decline in public elementary schools, and increasing after-school activities may change parental attitudes toward children's walking to/from school, and subsequently, their mode of school travel over time. To maintain the high prevalence of walking to/from school in Japan, multidisciplinary approaches involving different stakeholders from education, public health, and urban planning are required to overcome sectionalism and support this behavior in the long term.
