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16,487 reports · page 551 of 1649

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)22 Apr 2026

Nutritional assessment in relation to breastfeeding and current protein intake in schoolchildren from indigenous communities of Ecuador.

OBJECTIVES: Stunting is highly prevalent in indigenous communities and may be associated with nutritional deficits; however, scientific evidence is limited. Thus, we studied the nutritional status of indigenous schoolchildren from Licán, Riobamba, Ecuador, and its relationship to breastfeeding history and current protein intake. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study including 81 children (5-9 years) was conducted. Nutritional status (weight, height and body mass index (BMI); assessed using Anthro Plus software), exclusive breastfeeding duration and weaning age (applying a questionnaire), and daily protein intake (analyzing the amount of food and preparations consumed; 24-hour recall) were evaluated. RESULTS: 23.5% of the schoolchildren presented stunting, and 18.5% had excess weight. Children exclusively breastfed for 7-11 months had a greater height (117.0 ± 0.61m versus 114.9 ± 0.72m, P = 0.047) and height/age Z-score (-0.8 ± 1.1 versus -1.5 ± 0.9, P = 0.039) than those breastfed for ≥12mo. Weaning age had a direct relation to weight (r = 0.247, P = 0.027) and BMI (r = 0.308, P = 0.005). Both BMI [16.96kg/m2 (tercile 3, T3) versus 15.42kg/m2 (T1), P = 0.035] and BMI/age Z-score [0.69 (T3) versus -0.20 (T1), P = 0.041] were greater in children weaned at ≥19mo. An indirect relation was found between daily protein intake per body weight and height (r = -0.315, P = 0.004), and BMI (r = -0.322, P = 0.003). Children with stunting consumed greater amounts of protein/kg/day [χ2(2) = 6.739, P = 0.034; t-test: 2.6 ± 0.7 versus 2.02 ± 0.84g/kg/day, P = 0.038], while their BMI and BMI/age Z-score were lower (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding history and current protein intake of schoolchildren from Lican indigenous communities were associated with nutritional status; however, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)2 Jul 2026

Impact of Chronic Malnutrition on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Early Childhood: A Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Hispanic Populations.

BACKGROUND: Chronic child malnutrition is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries and has been associated with impairments across multiple neurodevelopmental domains. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of chronic malnutrition and intercurrent morbidity on early neurodevelopmental changes in children in a rural setting. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in children aged 6-60 months with baseline (T0) and 3-month follow-up (T1) assessments. Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the Denver II test, and nutritional status using height-for-age Z-scores. Longitudinal analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-six children were included (median age: 19 months; 55.1% male), of whom 49.4% had chronic malnutrition. At baseline, children with malnutrition had a higher prevalence of positive screening findings for neurodevelopmental risk (82.3% vs 49.4%; P < 0.001), with language as the most affected domain. During follow-up, malnourished children experienced higher burden of intercurrent morbidity, including severe respiratory infections and hospitalizations (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in overall neurodevelopmental classification. However, positive screening results for fine motor delay were more frequent among malnourished children (11.69% vs 1.27%; P = 0.035). In multivariable analysis, age was independently associated with fine motor developmental risk (adjusted odds ratio = 1.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.24), particularly after 24 months, while chronic malnutrition showed a directionally increased, although not statistically significant association (adjusted odds ratio = 2.52; 95% confidence interval: 0.36-17.27). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic malnutrition was associated with early neurodevelopmental risk, particularly in language and fine motor domains. Age-related effects suggest critical windows for the clinical detection of deficits, underscoring the importance of early neurodevelopmental screening in high-risk rural populations.

María de Los Ángeles Álvarez Falcón, Kleber Mosquera Rodríguez, Xavier Grandes Andrade et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)24 Jul 2026

The Effect of Intestinal Parasites on the Protein Requirement of Undernourished Children as Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method.

BACKGROUND: The protein requirement of clinically normal but chronically undernourished (stunted) children is unknown. Stressors, similar to intestinal parasites, in poor environments may increase this requirement. The current protein requirement, which is based on factorial methods in healthy, well-nourished children, may be incorrect. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effect of intestinal parasites on the protein requirement of chronically undernourished school-age South Indian children, by the indicator amino acid oxidation technique. METHODS: Eighteen undernourished school-age South Indian children (aged 6-11 y) were studied before and after treatment for the confirmed presence of intestinal parasites. They were randomly assigned to receive a low or high protein intake from a range of 8 protein concentrations (0.24-2.38 g/kg/d), provided as an egg protein-based amino acid mixture in an isocaloric experimental diet providing energy at 1.7 times the measured resting energy expenditure. A constant and generous intake of the indicator amino acid (phenylalanine and its metabolite tyrosine) was ensured across all intake amounts. A 2-phase linear regression crossover analysis of the pattern of 13C-phenylalanine oxidation across the protein intake amounts before and after treatment identified a minimal oxidation breakpoint that represented the mean protein requirement. RESULTS: The mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] protein requirement of undernourished school-age South Indian children with intestinal parasites was determined to be 1.25 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.5) g/kg/d. After antiparasite treatment, the requirement was not different at 1.43 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.8) g/kg/d. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of intestinal parasites does not increase the protein requirement of undernourished Indian children. However, the current mean [+2 standard deviation (SD)] protein requirement of 0.76 (SD: 0.95) g/kg/d might be inadequate for this group.

Sarita Devi, Libai Xu, Ronald O Ball et al.

DevelopmentRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)1 Sept 2026

Risk Factors of Coexisting Form of Undernutrition Among Under-5 Children in Bangladesh: Evidence From BDHS 2022 Data in a Bayesian Setting.

BACKGROUND: Children in underdeveloped countries frequently suffer from malnutrition, which can have both short-term and long-term consequences, including cognitive impairment (i.e., stunting), underweight, wasting and ultimately mortality. It is necessary to understand the underlying causes and risk factors associated with this burden. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how risk factors affect coexisting forms of undernutrition (CFU) among Bangladeshi children under the age of 5, with the aim of suggesting possible strategies to enhance nutritional outcomes. METHODS: This study is based on secondary data extracted from the BDHS 2022 dataset, consisting of 4085 children aged under 5. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the Boruta algorithm and logistic regression are used in a Bayesian setting. RESULTS: Findings revealed that the prevalence of CFU is 19.44%, and the majority of them were from the Sylhet division. Children from lower wealth indices and those living in urban areas are at higher risk of CFU. Children of uneducated mothers have 3.4 times higher odds (95% CrI: 2.352, 5.001) of CFU than those of higher educated mothers; children of underweight mothers have 1.6 times higher odds (95% CrI: 1.338, 2.092); and children of overweight or obese mothers have 0.6 times higher odds (95% CrI: 0.532, 0.794) than children of mothers with a normal weight. The odds of having CFU are 1.2 and 1.4 times greater (95% CrI: 0.953, 1.553 and 1.103, 1.790) for children from the poorer and poorest households compared to children from middle wealth families and 0.8 and 1.7 times higher (95% CrI: 0.600, 1.145 and 1.405, 2.191) for children whose birth order is at least six and who are older than 23.9 months. A child's nutritional health is also influenced by a number of other important factors, including the child's age and birth order, the mother's age at first birth, breastfeeding status, TV access, toilet facilities, divisions and residence. CONCLUSION: The authors suggest that, in addition to improving mothers' health and other socio-demographic factors, targeted interventions should be developed to reduce the prevalence of CFU.

Afrida Tasnim, Moinur Rahman, Onnesha Saha et al.

SurvivalBDRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)3 Sept 2026

Combined use of the pediatric Yorkhill malnutrition score and mid-upper arm circumference for identifying nutritional risk and predicting length of hospital stay in hospitalized children: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Childhood malnutrition remains a critical public health challenge among hospitalized pediatric populations, contributing to increased morbidity and prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS). In countries undergoing nutritional transition, such as Türkiye, the "double burden of malnutrition"-characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity-is exacerbated by socio-economic inequities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in hospitalized children and to evaluate the predictive validity of two rapid screening tools: the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), with attention to their utility in identifying socio-economic vulnerability. METHODS: This pilot study was conducted between January and July 2024 in a tertiary university hospital in Türkiye. A total of 100 children (50 girls, 50 boys), aged 1 month to 18 years, were evaluated. Nutritional status was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) anthropometric Z-scores. Malnutrition risk was screened via PYMS and age-adjusted MUAC Z-scores. A novel socio-economic malnutrition risk classification was developed based on household income, family size, and maternal employment status. This pilot study tested the combined use of routine anthropometric measurements and practical screening tools such as PYMS and MUAC for a later large-scale, school-based screening. RESULTS: The double burden of malnutrition was evident: 13.0% had acute malnutrition and 11.0% chronic malnutrition (stunting); among children aged 5-18 years, 34.5% were overweight and 21.8% obese. The LOS was significantly longer in the PYMS high-risk group compared to the low-risk group (p = 0.001), and in the MUAC moderate malnutrition group (p < 0.05). PYMS demonstrated high specificity (95.89%) for acute malnutrition but limited sensitivity for stunting. Among children aged > 5 years, MUAC Z-scores correlated significantly with body mass index (BMI) Z-scores (p < 0.05). Children classified as high-risk by the socio-economic model had significantly lower height-for-age Z-scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the impact of socio-economic inequities-such as low income and household overcrowding-on chronic malnutrition and confirms the clinical relevance of the double burden of malnutrition. PYMS and MUAC effectively predict prolonged hospitalization and adverse clinical outcomes. The integration of socio-economic risk assessment with routine malnutrition screening may guide equitable resource allocation and improve care for vulnerable pediatric populations.

Emre Çelik, Muhammet Furkan Korkmaz, Yunus Özkaya et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentTRRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)7 Sept 2026

Nutritional Status and Linear Growth at Diagnosis and Their Association with Clinical Outcomes in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicentre Cohort Study.

Background/Objectives: Malnutrition is common in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may affect growth, disease severity, and clinical outcomes. The aim of our study was to assess nutritional status and linear growth at diagnosis and during follow up and to evaluate their association with clinical outcomes in paediatric IBD. Methods: This multicentre retrospective cohort study included children diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) at two paediatric IBD referral centres. Clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric data were collected at diagnosis and throughout follow-up. Underweight was defined as BMI z-score ≤ -2; growth failure (stunting) was defined as height-for-age z-score ≤ -2. Results: Among 128 children with IBD (69 CD, 59 UC; mean age: 157.2 ± 29.5 months), 23% (29/128) were underweight at diagnosis, 68% (87/128) had normal BMI, and 9% (12/128) were overweight at diagnosis. Underweight status was more frequent in the CD than UC groups (30% vs. 15%; p = 0.022). Growth failure affected 7.0% of patients at diagnosis and was observed in 5.3% of patients with available data at 36 months. Stunting was more frequent in CD than UC. Biologic therapy was more frequently initiated in underweight patients (41% vs. 17%, p = 0.06). At a mean follow-up of 29.4 months, 86% (25/29) of underweight patients achieved a normal or elevated BMI. Underweight status was not associated with an increased risk of relapse (adjusted OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.19-1.30; adjusted HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.28-1.29). Conclusions: Malnutrition is frequent at diagnosis in paediatric IBD, particularly in Crohn's disease, and is associated with increased inflammatory burden. Although most patients showed improvement in nutritional status during follow-up, baseline underweight status was not independently associated with subsequent disease relapse. These findings highlight the importance of early and longitudinal assessment of nutritional status and linear growth as integral components of paediatric IBD management.

Chiara Cesari, Carla Maria Grimaldi, Matteo Motta et al.

SurvivalRead at source

Every report we find, newest first.

How to use the reports

Nutritional assessment in relation to breastfeeding and current protein intake in schoolchildren from indigenous communities of Ecuador.

Double burden of malnutrition and body composition among ethnic minority children aged 5-16 years in Tra Vinh, Vietnam: a community-based study.

Disentangling disparities in children's development.

Impact of Chronic Malnutrition on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Early Childhood: A Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Hispanic Populations.

The Effect of Intestinal Parasites on the Protein Requirement of Undernourished Children as Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method.

Risk Factors of Coexisting Form of Undernutrition Among Under-5 Children in Bangladesh: Evidence From BDHS 2022 Data in a Bayesian Setting.

Risk, management and future directions for refeeding syndrome and enteral nutrition, an adult and paediatric perspective.

Health outcomes of children born to liver transplant recipients.

Combined use of the pediatric Yorkhill malnutrition score and mid-upper arm circumference for identifying nutritional risk and predicting length of hospital stay in hospitalized children: a pilot study.

Nutritional Status and Linear Growth at Diagnosis and Their Association with Clinical Outcomes in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicentre Cohort Study.

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