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20,788 reports · page 464 of 2079

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC1 Oct 2026

Factors Associated With Midwives' Perceived Difficulty in Supporting Couples With Older First-Time Mothers by Workplace Type in Japan.

Aim This study aimed to examine differences in midwives' perceived difficulty in providing child-rearing and social support to couples with older first-time mothers according to the workplace setting, and to identify contributing individual and organizational factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among midwives working at medical institutions and midwifery centers across Japan who had supported couples with older first-time mothers within the previous year. Data on individual characteristics, workplace characteristics, perceived difficulty in providing child-rearing support, and perceived difficulty in providing social support were collected using online or anonymous self-administered questionnaires. Workplace settings were categorized into four types: perinatal medical centers, general hospitals, clinics, and midwifery centers. Logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results A total of 922 midwives were included. Compared with midwives working in midwifery centers, those working in perinatal medical centers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.71), general hospitals (OR = 2.67), and clinics (OR = 1.94) reported significantly greater perceived difficulty in providing child-rearing support. Midwives with fewer than 10 years' experience also reported greater difficulty than those with 30 or more years' experience. Perceived difficulty in providing instrumental, informational, emotional, and appraisal support was associated with workplace setting. Additional associations were observed with CLoCMiP Level III certification and the availability of postpartum outreach and day-care services. Conclusions Midwives' perceived difficulty differed according to workplace setting and was associated with both individual and organizational factors. Strengthening organizational support systems and educational opportunities may help reduce perceived difficulty in supporting couples with older first-time mothers.

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC30 Jul 2026

Nurses' experiences and challenges in postnatal stabilisation of newborns: a phenomenological study.

Background Postnatal stabilisation of newborns is a critical phase that directly influences neonatal survival and long-term outcomes. Neonatal nurses play a central role in this process, yet limited research has explored their lived experiences, particularly regarding clinical responsibility, organisational constraints, and emotional demands. This study aimed to explore nurses' lived experiences of stabilising newborns during the immediate postnatal period and to identify the clinical, organisational, relational, and emotional dimensions shaping this practice. Methods A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 17 neonatal nurses working in delivery room and operating theatre units of a tertiary hospital. Data were collected between August and December 2025. Interviews were analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method to identify themes reflecting nurses' lived experiences. Results Five interrelated themes emerged: clinical competence and standardisation; structural and hierarchical barriers; relational dynamics and safety culture; emotional labour and moral distress; and strategic defence and professional development. Nurses experienced postnatal stabilisation as a high-stakes threshold requiring rapid, coordinated, and protocol-based actions to ensure newborn survival. While clinical protocols enhanced confidence and supported decision-making, limited authority, environmental constraints, and communication gaps generated ethical tension and professional frustration. Emotional involvement, empathic identification with newborns, and fear of irreversible error contributed to psychological burden, whereas documentation practices and continuous education were perceived as protective strategies. Conclusions Postnatal stabilisation is experienced by nurses as a multidimensional practice rather than a purely technical intervention. Clinical responsibility, organisational context, teamwork dynamics, and emotional labour collectively shape this process. The findings suggest that organisational support, effective communication, and ongoing professional development may help address challenges experienced during postnatal stabilisation and inform improvements in neonatal nursing practice.

Akdogan R, Yürük Yucakuş SN

SurvivalRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC12 May 2026

Mistreatment of women during childbirth and its determinants: a cross-sectional study in Mazandaran/Iran.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the mistreatment of women during childbirth and its determining factors in a selected maternity hospital in Mazandaran/Iran. Design This cross-sectional study was designed in 2024. Setting Maternal and child clinics in the cities of Amol and Babol in Mazandaran/Iran. Precipitants The study population consisted of 215 women who were selected via convenience sampling and were at least 8 weeks postpartum. Results All participants in the study reported experiencing at least one form of mistreatment. 42% of cases experienced three types of mistreatment. The highest reported level of mistreatment was related to the poor relationship between women and service providers (88.1%) and physical abuse (80.9%), respectively. The overall satisfaction score for care was 33.96±9.17. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher maternal age was significantly associated with lower odds of physical mistreatment (OR=0.923, 95% CI 0.865 to 0.985, p=0.016). Women without doula accompaniment during childbirth had higher odds of experiencing a lack of privacy compared with those who had a doula (OR=2.77, 95% CI 1.41 to 5.42, p=0.003), and failure to meet needs (OR=2.2; 95% CI 1.13 to 4.28; p=0.020), but significantly lower odds of experiencing poor communication (OR=0.128; 95% CI 0.043 to 0.337; p<0.001). Conclusions The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of mistreatment in participants in the selected hospitals was notable. The most reported mistreatment was the lack of effective communication between staff and the patient, followed by physical mistreatment and the lack of respect for privacy. Factors related to mistreatment included the mother's age and the presence of a companion (doula) during delivery.

Firouzbakht M, Nikpour M, Sharif-Nia H et al.

ProtectionSurvivalIRRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC28 Aug 2026

Perinatal HPA axis regulation and offspring neuropsychiatric development: mechanisms, developmental trajectories, and clinical implications.

Maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation forms part of the maternal-placental-foetal system through which prenatal environments may influence offspring developmental trajectories. During pregnancy, cortisol supports placental function and foetal maturation; however, its developmental significance depends on exposure timing, magnitude, and duration, placental glucocorticoid regulation, and foetal susceptibility. This narrative review synthesises evidence regarding maternal psychological distress, endogenous glucocorticoid regulation, placental glucocorticoid pathways, antenatal synthetic glucocorticoid exposure, and offspring neuropsychiatric development. Human studies indicate that maternal psychological distress and HPA-axis-related measures represent related but distinct dimensions of prenatal exposure. Associations have been reported between depressive and anxiety symptoms, maternal cortisol profiles, placental HSD11B2/11β-HSD2-related measures, and offspring glucocorticoid regulation. However, findings vary according to exposure definition, gestational timing, biological matrix, placental sampling, foetal sex, and covariate adjustment. Most evidence remains observational and does not establish a continuous causal pathway from maternal psychological distress through placental glucocorticoid dysregulation to later neurodevelopmental outcomes. Across foetal life, infancy, and childhood, studies have examined associations with stress-system regulation, cognitive and language development, emotional and behavioural functioning, and psychiatric vulnerability. Mechanistic research implicates epigenetic, immune-inflammatory, neurotrophic, cellular, and microbial pathways, although their mediating roles in humans remain incompletely established. Antenatal corticosteroids provide substantial neonatal benefits when clinically indicated for threatened preterm birth; current uncertainty mainly concerns potential long-term effects of repeated or additional exposure. Psychosocial and dietary interventions may improve maternal wellbeing and selected physiological outcomes, but whether these effects are mediated through cortisol regulation remains unclear. Future research should integrate repeated endocrine phenotyping, placental functional assessment, early-life developmental phenotyping, causal-inference approaches, multi-omics strategies, and longitudinal developmental follow-up to distinguish causal mechanisms from adaptation, confounding, and correlated biomarkers.

Guo Y, Liu J, Peng Y et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentProtectionRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC1 Jul 2025

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding age estimation using forensic odontology among Karnataka Labour Department Officials: A cross-sectional survey.

Context Child labour remains a significant concern in India, with numerous children engaged in hazardous occupations, often lacking valid age documentation. Forensic odontology, a specialised discipline within dentistry, can play a pivotal role in age estimation and individual identification in such cases. However, its integration into child labour enforcement mechanisms is limited. Aim To assess the knowledge, attitude, and awareness of Karnataka State Labour Department officials regarding the role of forensic odontology in age estimation related to child labour cases. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 80 officials from the Karnataka State Labour Department, each with a minimum of 5 years of experience. A structured questionnaire comprising 20 items assessed knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding forensic odontology and its relevance to child labour cases. Multivariate data analysis was performed using The Unscrambler X software from CAMO Analytics. Results While a majority of officials had heard of forensic odontology, their primary source of information was media rather than formal training. Most participants acknowledged the significance of forensic odontology in age estimation and expressed interest in undergoing formal training. However, limited access to resources and lack of training were cited as major barriers to its implementation. Conclusion The study reveals a significant knowledge and training gap among Labour Department officials regarding forensic odontology. Incorporating structured training programs and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration could enhance the effective application of forensic odontology in child labour cases.

Satelur KP, Annegowda VM, Priya YBG et al.

ProtectionINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC1 Mar 2026

Trends in net survival for 1,834,894 patients with cancer from 16 population-based cancer registries in Japan, 2000-14 (CONCORD-3).

Background In 2018, CONCORD-3 updated long-term surveillance of cancer survival trends worldwide. In this monograph, we conducted further analyses and examined trends in net survival using the Japanese data during 2000-14. Methods Sixteen population-based cancer registries in Japan contributed data to CONCORD-3 with anonymized individual records on 2 237 861 patients diagnosed with one of 15 adult cancers (15-99 years), and brain tumors and hematological malignancies in children (0-14 years). Five-year net survival was estimated with the Pohar Perme estimator and age-standardized with International Cancer Survival Standard weights. We estimated survival for three calendar periods, by age group, sex, anatomic site or morphology, and by stage at diagnosis. Results Five-year net survival improved between 2000-04 and 2010-14 for several cancers, including brain tumors (27.9%-46.3%), ovarian cancer (35.5%-46.3%), stomach cancer (50.5%-60.3%), lymphoid malignancies (47.5%-57.3%), myeloid malignancies (24.8%-33.3%), and esophageal cancer (27.7%-36.0%). Breast cancer, childhood lymphoma, and prostate cancer showed consistently high or improving survival (85.9%-93.0%). In contrast, survival for melanoma remained unchanged. Net survival was low for pancreatic cancer (6.9%-8.3%). Among selected countries, survival was higher in Japan for esophageal (36.0%), liver (30.1%), and lung cancers (32.9%). Survival for melanoma, hematologic malignancies, and childhood cancers was lower in Japan than in Western countries. Conclusions Net survival in Japan improved substantially for several cancers, but survival for pancreatic cancer remained low. International collaboration is crucial to accelerate the development of effective cancer control strategies.

Sugiyama H, Di Carlo V, Matz M et al.

JPRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC17 Jun 2026

Effect of systemic counselling on anxiety and childbirth self-efficacy among first-time mothers: a randomised controlled trial protocol in prenatal healthcare centres of Babol, Iran.

Introduction Pregnancy and childbirth are transformative experiences that can provoke anxiety, potentially reducing women's confidence and satisfaction with the process. Systemic counselling, which considers family and interpersonal dynamics, may alleviate anxiety, enhance self-efficacy and improve satisfaction with childbirth. Addressing these psychological and relational factors is crucial for maternal and neonatal well-being. Methods and analysis This parallel-group randomised controlled trial will involve 72 primiparous pregnant women in Babol, Iran. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group using permuted block randomisation with a block size of four. The intervention group will receive six structured 90-minute sessions, including one in-person and five online group sessions (6-10 participants per session) delivered via WhatsApp. The sessions follow a Bowen systemic counselling approach targeting family and social dynamics. The primary outcomes are anxiety reduction, enhanced childbirth self-efficacy and improved satisfaction with childbirth. The target sample size is 72 participants (36 per group). Participant enrolment began in November 2025 and is currently ongoing. Data will be analysed using both the full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS). The trial is currently ongoing and is expected to be completed by July 2026. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Babol University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUBABOL.HRI.REC.1404.070). The sponsor is Babol University of Medical Sciences. No external funding was received. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. Trial registration IRCT20100510003902N7.

Movaddt A, Mohsenzadeh-Ledari F, Omidvar S et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentExperimentalIRRead at source

Every report we find, newest first.

How to use the reports

Factors Associated With Midwives' Perceived Difficulty in Supporting Couples With Older First-Time Mothers by Workplace Type in Japan.

Nurses' experiences and challenges in postnatal stabilisation of newborns: a phenomenological study.

Mistreatment of women during childbirth and its determinants: a cross-sectional study in Mazandaran/Iran.

Growth impairment in Japanese children with inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Perinatal HPA axis regulation and offspring neuropsychiatric development: mechanisms, developmental trajectories, and clinical implications.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding age estimation using forensic odontology among Karnataka Labour Department Officials: A cross-sectional survey.

Trends in net survival for 1,834,894 patients with cancer from 16 population-based cancer registries in Japan, 2000-14 (CONCORD-3).

Girls and Women in Mines: an Invisible Path of Forced Labour in Italy.

Effect of systemic counselling on anxiety and childbirth self-efficacy among first-time mothers: a randomised controlled trial protocol in prenatal healthcare centres of Babol, Iran.

A verbal and social autopsy study to improve estimates of mortality determinants in Pakistan: study design and methods.

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