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2,904 reports · page 290 of 291

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex30 Sept 2026

The Association Between AverageCaloric Intake and Stunting Severity Among Children Aged 6–24 Months

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem characterized by impaired linear growth and influenced by multiple factors, including inadequate energy intake. This study aimed to determine the association between average energy intake and stunting severity among children aged 6–24 months in the working area of Bagu Public Health Center, Central Lombok Regency, in 2025. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 43 mothers of stunted children selected using total sampling. Stunting status was obtained from Maternal and Child Health (KIA) handbooks, while energy intake was assessed using a 24-hour food recall and categorized according to intake adequacy. Fisher’s Exact Test was used for bivariate analysis because the data did not meet the assumptions of the Chi-square test. Of the 43 children, 40 (93.0%) had deficient energy intake and 3 (7.0%) had adequate intake. A total of 27 children (62.8%) were classified as stunted and 16 (37.2%) as severely stunted. The mean energy intake was 592.8 kcal/day. Fisher’s Exact Test showed no significant association between energy intake and stunting severity (p = 0.385). Although no significant association was observed, inadequate energy intake remains an important nutritional concern among children aged 6–24 months.

Fatmah Fatmah, Lina Nurbaiti, Wiwin Lastyana

SurvivalID

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex2 Oct 2026

Effects of parent-administered massage-based multimodal interventions on health outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Parent-administered massage-based interventions are increasingly used in family-centered care for preterm infants, but their effects across infant and parental outcomes remain uncertain. Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of parent-administered massage-based interventions on growth, feeding, hospitalization, neurodevelopmental, and parental psychological outcomes in preterm infants. Methods We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 26 May 2026. Eligible studies compared parent-administered massage alone or combined with tactile, kinesthetic, oral, or other developmental sensory components against routine care or non-massage controls. Random-effects models with restricted maximum-likelihood estimation were used. Parental psychological outcomes were synthesized narratively because of substantial heterogeneity. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2, and certainty of evidence with GRADE. Results Twenty-four randomized controlled trials were included. Moderate-certainty evidence indicated that massage-based interventions were associated with higher odds of breastfeeding or human-milk feeding at discharge (OR 5.42, 95% CI 2.44–11.94), shorter time to full oral feeding (MD −2.04 days, 95% CI −3.95 to −0.13), and shorter hospital length of stay (MD −4.68 days, 95% CI −7.79 to −1.57). Weight-gain velocity was greater in the primary meta-analysis (MD 5.55 g/day, 95% CI 1.71–9.38), but certainty was low, heterogeneity was very high (I 2 = 97.87%), significant small-study effects were detected, and the trim-and-fill adjusted estimate was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (MD 3.45 g/day, 95% CI −1.67 to 8.56). Parent-related psychological findings were generally favorable but were supported by low-certainty evidence. Effects on length growth, head-circumference growth, and motor development were not statistically significant; certainty for length and head-circumference growth was very low. Conclusion Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that parent-administered massage-based interventions may improve selected feeding outcomes and reduce hospital length of stay in preterm or low-birth-weight infants. The effect on weight-gain velocity remains uncertain because of very high heterogeneity, low certainty of evidence, and possible small-study effects. However, many interventions were multimodal and heterogeneity was substantial; therefore, the findings should be interpreted as effects of parent-delivered developmental-care interventions that include massage rather than massage alone, and the independent effect of massage requires confirmation. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261435482 , identifier CRD420261435482.

Yan Li, HuanHuan Zhang, Wenyao Ma et al.

SurvivalExperimentalCNRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex2 Oct 2026

Effects of school-based physical activity interventions on physical fitness and psychosocial adaptation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background School-based physical activity (PA) interventions are a population-level strategy for improving children’s health, yet evidence on their combined effects on physical fitness and psychosocial adaptation remains fragmented. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence from controlled intervention trials (randomized and non-randomized) examining school-based PA interventions on physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, body composition) and psychosocial adaptation (self-esteem, psychological well-being, social functioning) in children aged 6–12 years. Methods Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO from inception to 15 January 2026. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials with a minimum 8-week school-based PA intervention and at least one physical fitness or psychosocial outcome were eligible. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using Hedges’ g. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 and Cochran’s Q. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-randomized trials. Results Forty studies (39 randomized, 1 non-randomized) involving 21,793 participants met inclusion criteria. School-based PA interventions were associated with significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (g = 0.36, 95% CI [0.25, 0.46], p < 0.001, I2 = 98%) and muscular fitness (g = 0.24, 95% CI [0.17, 0.31], p < 0.001, I2 = 93%); the small reduction in body mass index did not reach statistical significance (g = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.27, 0.04], p = 0.154, I2 = 98%). For psychosocial outcomes, significant small effects were found for self-esteem (g = 0.18, 95% CI [0.10, 0.27], p < 0.001), psychological well-being (g = 0.15, 95% CI [0.09, 0.21], p < 0.001), and social functioning (g = 0.21, 95% CI [0.04, 0.38], p = 0.018). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that larger effects were associated with multicomponent interventions, durations of ≥24 weeks, and ≥3 sessions per week. Conclusion School-based PA interventions were associated with small-to-moderate improvements in physical fitness and small improvements in psychosocial adaptation in children. The findings support integrating comprehensive PA programs into school curricula. However, the small effect sizes for psychosocial outcomes and substantial heterogeneity underscore the need for rigorous studies with standardized measurement protocols.

Manyin Zhang, Bing Zhang

DevelopmentExperimentalCNRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex2 Oct 2026

Two horizons, one burden: estimating lifetime and decade-long medical costs of childhood obesity in Kazakhstan

Objective To estimate the lifetime and cumulative direct medical burden associated with childhood overweight and obesity in Kazakhstan using a dynamic age-structured modeling approach. Methods A dynamic age-structured Markov cohort model was developed to simulate the progression of children aged 5–9 years through successive age groups and weight states (normal weight, exclusive overweight, and obesity). Transition probabilities were reconstructed using a synthetic cohort approach based on repeated cross-sectional prevalence data and were calibrated to reproduce observed epidemiological patterns. State-specific annual direct medical costs were estimated using a normative costing approach based on national clinical protocols and tariffs. Lifetime burden was calculated as the discounted sum of future medical costs (3% discount rate). Furthermore, cumulative short-term was estimated for the period 2024–2035. Deterministic sensitivity analysis and structural scenario analysis were conducted to assess model robustness. Policy scenarios examined the impact of reducing childhood obesity prevalence by 5 and 10%. Results The average discounted lifetime cost per child was 96,996.26 KZT (USD 206.37), resulting in a total national lifetime financial impact of 194 billion KZT (USD 413 million) for the 2024 cohort of children aged 5–9 years. Over the 2024–2035 horizon, cumulative discounted direct healthcare expenditure reached 128.72 billion KZT (USD 273.9 million), with approximately 71% attributable to obesity. Sensitivity analysis showed that model results were most responsive to parameters related to obesity prevalence and costs. Structural scenarios indicated that the base-case model likely underestimates cost, with age-varying adult costs increasing estimates by up to 13.6%. Policy scenarios demonstrated that a 5 and 10% reduction in childhood obesity prevalence could reduce lifetime burden by 4.8 and 9.4%, respectively. Conclusion Childhood obesity imposes a substantial and persistent economic impact on Kazakhstan's healthcare system. Preventive interventions targeting obesity in early life may yield significant long-term cost savings and should be prioritized in national health policy.

Berik Koichubekov, Khamida Abdikadirova, Nazgul Omarbekova et al.

SurvivalKZRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex2 Oct 2026

N-acyl-homoserine lactonase–nanosilver composite modulates the bacterial community of an in vitro enriched biofilm model of early childhood caries

Objectives This study investigated the effects of a nanocomposite comprising N-acyl -homoserine lactonase Est816 and silver nanoparticles (Ag-Est816) on the microbial community of an enriched in vitro biofilm model derived from supragingival plaque of children with early childhood caries (ECC). Materials and methods Supragingival plaque samples were collected from 30 children aged younger than 6 years (15 males and 15 females) diagnosed with ECC. These samples were cultured in vitro to form biofilms, which were then treated with or without the Ag-Est816 composite for two days. The composition of the biofilms was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing to assess changes in α - and β -diversity, taxonomic composition, and predicted microbial functions. Biofilm morphology and biomass were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and crystal violet assays. Results The Ag-Est816 composite significantly reduced microbial α -diversity, including species richness and phylogenetic diversity (Chao1, Observed species, Faith's PD, p < 0.05). It also significantly altered overall bacterial community composition, as demonstrated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and paired permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), although the effect size was modest ( R 2 = 0.0286, P = 0.002). At the genus level, the abundances of Actinomyces , Lactobacillus , and Moryella were markedly decreased, whereas Haemophilus and Granulicatella were enriched. LEfSe analysis revealed Actinomyces and Lactobacillus as characteristic taxa enriched in the Control group, while Enterococcus and Granulicatella were significantly enriched following treatment. Functional prediction revealed that Ag-Est816 influenced pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and nucleotide sugar biosynthesis. SEM imaging and biomass quantification confirmed that the Ag-Est816 composite disrupted biofilm architecture and significantly reduced total biomass. Conclusion The Ag-Est816 composite suppressed several low-abundance cariogenic genera while reducing overall community richness, altered microbial metabolic functions, and compromised biofilm structural integrity. These findings indicated this non-invasive nanocomposite has potential as an adjunctive therapy for caries prevention in children.

Chuang Nie, Ran Xia, Liqiong Ma et al.

SurvivalCNHKRead at source

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The Association Between AverageCaloric Intake and Stunting Severity Among Children Aged 6–24 Months

Evaluating the Impact of Village Fund Allocation for Health on Human Capital Investment through Stunting Reduction Programs in Lamongan Regency

Food System, Poverty, and Malnutrition in Bangladesh: Challenges and Policy Implications

Case Report: Contezolid-containing regimens for disseminated Bacillus Calmette–Guérin disease in three children with primary immunodeficiency

A multidimensional examination of child mortality in Turkey: Media representations and professional perspectives

Effects of parent-administered massage-based multimodal interventions on health outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of school-based physical activity interventions on physical fitness and psychosocial adaptation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Two horizons, one burden: estimating lifetime and decade-long medical costs of childhood obesity in Kazakhstan

Social Criticism in Jane Eyre: A Marxist Approach

N-acyl-homoserine lactonase–nanosilver composite modulates the bacterial community of an in vitro enriched biofilm model of early childhood caries

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