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Coping During COVID-19: Tips for Adult and Child Mental Well-Being
Families are experiencing stress and hardship more than ever. Learn signs and tips for managing stress and anxiety for adults and children.
Kathryn Conrad
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Families are experiencing stress and hardship more than ever. Learn signs and tips for managing stress and anxiety for adults and children.
Kathryn Conrad
The 2001 book, Shattered Bonds: The Color of Child Welfare, by Dorothy Roberts, called out the racism of the child welfare system and the harms that system perpetrates on families and communities. Twenty years later, despite numerous reform efforts, the racism and profound harms endure. It is time for transformative change. In this foreword to the symposium Strengthened Bonds: Abolishing the Child Welfare System and Re-Envisioning Child Well- Being, honoring the 20th anniversary of Shattered Bonds, we highlight Professor Roberts’ articulation of her development as a family policing abolitionist and summarize the articles and comments contributed from scholars in numerous disciplines and well as impacted parents, family defense advocates and system-change activists. These contributions help us learn from history and political theory; focus on the unique and shared circumstances of Native American families; critique, and call for repeal of, much of current law; condemn the punitive, and racially disproportionate, surveillance of families; and demand a new approach that diverts the massive funding of the foster-care industrial complex into support, services, and healing for families, tribes, and communities.<br><br>We call for abolition of the family regulation system, the term we use as a more accurate description of what is commonly called the child welfare or child protection system. We situate this call in the context of the more developed movement for prison abolition. The current system is predicated on seeing individual parents as a risk to their children. It fails to see the strengths and resilience of parents and families; the harms of surveillance and removal; and the structural forces that harm children by failing to invest in adequate housing, income, child care, health and mental health services, and educational opportunities for all families. Abolition provides the transformative mind-set that will enable loving and strengthened families to raise happy, healthy, safe, educated, and imaginative children.<br>
Jane M. Spinak, Nancy D. Polikoff
Based on a unique repeated cross-sectional data set of school-aged children in Europe, the Middle East and North America, we analyze how children's subjective well-being is related to parents' employment status, depending on the institutional context. We find that parental unemployment is strongly negatively related to children's life satisfaction across countries and years. The effect is thereby moderated by the generosity of unemployment benefits. Exploiting across- and within-country variation, our results suggest that a higher benefit replacement rate alleviates the negative effects of fathers', but not mothers', unemployment. We further test the robustness of our results considering unemployment benefits jointly with social work norms. While the buffering effect of unemployment insurance remains, the spillover effects of paternal unemployment seem to be more pronounced in environments with stricter social work norms.
Kerstin Hansen, Alois Stutzer
This paper presents a broad outline of intellectual developments in child well-being research. Four intellectual currents are identified, the ‘objective’, ‘subjective’, ‘standpoint’ and ‘praxeological’ approaches. The narrative developed emphasises the role that critical contests over epistemological, ontological and methodological issues serve for developments in research. Drawing upon the various approaches identified, the paper concludes by discussing well-being in terms of social integration and system integration, advancing a concept of well-being that is nether relativist nor culturally monopolizing.
Tobia Fattore
Maternal psychological well-being is a critical determinant of health outcomes for mothers and their children, encompassing emotional, mental, and social dimensions of health during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. This chapter explores the multifaceted concept of maternal psychological well-being, examining its biological, psychological, social, and cultural determinants. Hormonal fluctuations, physical health, pre-existing mental health conditions, self-efficacy, and social support systems all play pivotal roles in shaping maternal mental health. The consequences of poor psychological well-being are far-reaching, impacting mothers’ physical recovery, children’s behavioral and cognitive development, and family dynamics. Interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based approaches, peer support programs, and policy measures such as maternity leave and integrated mental health care, are effective in promoting maternal mental health. Drawing on global trends and evidence from Ethiopia, this chapter emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to address maternal psychological well-being, recognizing its centrality to maternal and child health outcomes.
Tesfahun Simon Hadaro, Habtamu Alemu Tena
Over one third of children in the U.S. are investigated by the child protection system (CPS) by age 18, but the effects of this interaction on families and children are largely unknown. Investigations aim to protect children from harm and direct services to families in need. However, they also bring the implicit threat of child removal, which can generate both stress and institutional distrust among affected families. Using a regression discontinuity design, we study the impacts of this interaction on child health. Children who are just above the threshold for being “defaulted” into an investigation see a reduction in injuries and an increase in preventative care in the two months following the referral. Effects are consistent across child gender, race and age. Finally, investigations increase the likelihood that a parent is jailed, suggesting that investigations also detect criminal activity within the home. An exploration of mechanisms suggests that it is the investigation, rather than home removal or parental criminal justice system involvement, which improves child health.<br><br>Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w34334" TARGET="_blank">www.nber.org</a>.<br>
Katherine Rittenhouse, David Simon, Lindsey Lacey
The aim of this paper is to highlight major shifts in research regarding children and childhood as a narrative of the author. It starts from presenting a retrospective of child poverty research in Estonia, and it is demonstrated how it has developed from the social and political acknowledgement of poverty as a social issue in the early 1990s. Then it revisits main shifts in theory and methodology of childhood research and reaches international comparative approaches to child subjective and relational well-being.
Dagmar Kutsar
The global community is facing multisystemic challenges, the youngest generations additionally burdened by unprecedented risks shaping their future. In the context of change and instability, resilience is a necessary element of children’s physical and mental health, their development and well-being. Building multisystemic resilience means ensuring that all systems children and youth exist in, from families and schools to countries and ecosystems, are able to cope with, adapt to, and transform, in response to current and future shocks and stresses. The article presents recent theories and research on multisystemic resilience and approaches to strengthening and building resilience. The author encourages the readers to analyze ways in which they can act within their own communities to create more resilient environments, networks and support systems that nurture the well-being of children and help them not only adapt to, but also thrive in, the world as it is today.
Agata Aleksandra Michałowska