OBJECTIVE: Describing the profile of reported violence against children and adolescents and draw an essay on the initial effects of Law 13.010 on report patterns. METHOD: Analytic study of reported cases on SINAN - Information System on Reportable Harms (from 2013 to 2015) of violence to individuals under 19, in 53 cities of Minas Gerais. RESULTS: 1,481 cases were reported, 49.2% before and 50.8% after Law 13.010 came to force (p = 0.5501). There was a 7% decrease on female reports and a 27.2% in male reports (p = 0.0055). It was noticed a change in report patterns (p = 0.0023), with a 130.7% increase to neglect/abandonment reports and a 33% decrease to sexual abuse report. Higher rates of violence from the parents happens at the 1 to 9-year-old age group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Main victims were women, individuals from 15 to 19 years, with aggression happening within the household; after Law 13.010, changes to patterns of victim and offender profiles and of kind of violence were noticed.
Daniella Fagundes Souto, Luciane Zanin, Gláucia María Bovi Ambrosano et al.
Introduction: Child violence is a public health problem and is defined as any type of action or omission that may harm physical or psychological integrity, freedom or the right to child growth and development. In Brazil, as provided for in article 227 of the Federal Constitution and article 13 of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA), abuse against children are the object of mandatory notification, predicting penalties for professionals who fail to communicate the cases of your knowledge. Since 2011, child violence, regardless of its type, has been part of the list of compulsory notification in Law 4.730/2011, implying the doctor the duty to notify, as well as to assume civil and criminal liability on the case . Objectives: To analyze the training of the students of the fifth and sixth year of the medical course regarding knowledge and conduct in the face of a suggestive picture of violence against children and adolescents in the various scenarios of practical action. METHODS: This is a quanti-quarter, transverse, exploratory characteristic descriptive study. As a method of data collection, the application of questionnaires containing open and closed questions, adapted from the questionnaire proposed by Dossi (2009), was used. The sending to students of the 5th and 6th year of medicine occurred electronically. The ethical criteria defined by Resolution No. 510 of the National Health Council (CNS), promulgated in 2016, were obeyed on research involving human beings, being respected voluntary participation and anonymity of the study population, using the free and informed consent form (Tcle). The research was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) and obtained its approval. 4. Results/Discussion: A total of 40 (forty) answers was obtained. Regarding the participants’ profile, it was observed that 70% of participants are white ethnicity, 72.5% cisgender women and most aged 20 and 30 years old (77.5%). Students defined childhood violence broadly, recognizing it as any kind of physical, psychological and/or moral damage that can directly or indirectly compromise the physical or mental integrity of children. Among the types of child violence mentioned are physical, psychological and sexual aggression. A participant also stressed the importance of considering nutritional, vaccination and educational neglect. One third of the inmates reported having had some kind of experience in their clinical practices with situations suspected of child violence. Although most students (77%) consider themselves able to identify and communicate situations of violence, 95% say they are unaware of flows and protocols to follow. 5. CONCLUSIONS: Data reveals gaps in the preparation of students to deal with child violence. One third of them did not have classes or discussions on the subject, while 32.5% received only one class and 35% had up to 3 classes on the subject. These findings highlight the need to improve the training of professionals in the field, ensuring that they are prepared to deal with such situations, as well as promote the well-being of children in different situations of violence.
Lays Costa Silva, Elizabeth Alt Parente, Ana Beatriz Azevedo Barbosa Mambreu et al.
Currently, many criminal acts are often committed, such as violence. Violence is an arbitrary act committed by someone with the aim of causing physical or psychological harm. Parents have an important role to protect and protect, but instead acts of violence against children are carried out by those closest to them, such as parents. Child Victims of violence who are part of a society whose development is immature both physically and psychologically require special assistance in handling it. This study aims to determine the emergence of factors that cause victims of physical violence against children in the Gorontalo region to reduce the number of victims of acts of violence against children. Which examines the existence of violence perpetrated against children. Data collection was done by interview technique. So a way is needed so that acts of violence against children are not continuously carried out and strict action must be given by the government to the perpetrators who commit violence. So it is deemed necessary to emphasize the regulations that have been implemented in the government, especially Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning child protection
Moh. Tri Mulya Hadju, Kindom Makkulawuzar, Rusmulyadi Rusmulyadi
BACKGROUND: Parenting programs based on social learning theory have increasing empirical evidence for reducing violence against children. Trials are primarily from high-income countries and with young children. Globally, we know little about how parenting programs work to reduce violence, with no known studies in low or middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examines mechanisms of change of a non-commercialized parenting program, Parenting for Lifelong Health for Teens, designed with the World Health Organization and UNICEF. A cluster randomized trial showed main effects on parenting and other secondary outcomes. We conducted secondary analysis of trial data to investigate five potential mediators of reduced violence against children: improved parenting, adolescent behaviour, caregiver mental health, alcohol/drug avoidance, and family economic strengthening. METHODS: The trial was implemented in rural South Africa with 40 sites, n = 552 family dyads (including adolescents aged 10-18 and primary caregivers). Intervention sites (n = 20) received the 14-session parenting program delivered by local community members, including modules on family budgeting and savings. Control sites (n = 20) received a brief informational workshop. Emotional and physical violence against children/adolescents and each potential mediator were reported by adolescents and caregivers at baseline and 9-13 months post-randomisation. Structural equation modelling was used to test simultaneous hypothesized pathways to violence reduction. RESULTS: Improvements in four pathways mediated reduced violence against children: 1) improved parenting practices, 2) improved caregiver mental health (reduced depression), 3) increased caregiver alcohol/drug avoidance and 4) improved family economic welfare. Improved child behaviour was not a mediator, although it was associated with less violence. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneously bolstering a set of family processes can reduce violence. Supporting self-care and positive coping for caregivers may be essential in challenging contexts. In countries with minimal or no economic safety nets, linking social learning parenting programs with economic strengthening skills may bring us closer to ending violence against children.
Lucie Dale Cluver, Yulia Shenderovich, Franziska Meinck et al.
OBJECTIVES: Reviews of violence against children in disaster settings focus on armed conflict. Little is understood about natural disasters which has implications in planning humanitarian response. We examined the magnitude and direction of the association between exposure to natural disasters and physical, emotional, and sexual violence against children, and assessed the quality of the evidence. METHODS: We searched 15 health and social science databases from first record until May 16, 2018. Publications describing all types of quantitative study design were eligible for inclusion. We presented study characteristics and quality in a narrative form and generated pooled estimates using a three-level random effects model. We evaluated Cochrane's Q with p-values below 0.10 and radial plots to assess heterogeneity. Planned subgroup analyses explored differential results by violence form, study design, and analysis method. RESULTS: 11 publications met inclusion criteria. The majority were cross-sectional studies examining physical or sexual violence in the United States. We found no evidence of a consistent association or directional influence between natural disasters and violence against children. Combined categorical violence outcomes had substantial heterogeneity [Q (df = 66) = 252.83, p < 0.001]. Subgroups without evidence of heterogeneity had confidence intervals that included a possible null effect. Our findings were mainly limited by inconsistencies in operational definitions of violence, a lack of representative sampling, and unclear establishment of temporal order between natural disaster exposure and violence outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available evidence, we cannot confidently conclude that natural disasters increase the level or severity of violence against children above non-disaster settings, however heterogeneity and study quality hamper our ability to draw firm conclusions. More nuanced and rigorous research is needed to inform practice and policy as natural disasters increasingly affect human populations.
Ilan Cerna-Turoff, Hanna-Tina Fischer, Susannah Mayhew et al.
Violence against children arouses significant public interest as a phenomenon that opposes the most appreciated social interests. Media coverage of this topic has been conditioned by the need of the public for complete and truthful reporting, and, at the same time, by the need of media to survive in the increasingly saturated media market. The question is whether the race for the most current and intriguing media content endangers fulfillment of obligations related to the protection of interests of minors and obligations stipulated by the law. The aim of this paper is to point to the aspects of reporting on violence against children that could be improved in the future. Therefore, after the introductory considerations about violence against children and media reporting on this topic and after the review of scientific literature in this field, the central part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of media coverage of three Serbian daily papers on violence against children. The author concludes that positive regulations and professional codes are respected, but that reporting does not always serve an educational and preventive purpose, and that the protection of the dignity of victims is not at a satisfactory level at all times.
РОЗВИТОК СУЧАСНОГО УКРАЇНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА У СОЦІОЛОГІЧНОМУ ВИМІРІ 77 затримання «ухилянтів» та створює додаткове напруження та недовіру до влади, може викликати розкол у суспільстві.збільшується кількість громадян що за ухилення від мобілізації будуть мати адміністративні та кримінальні покарання, що у свою чергу, викликає загальне негативне ставлення до таких осіб у суспільстві, але і вони також менше будуть цінувати державу.-загально-національні корупційні схеми що допомагають «ухилянтам» виїхати за кордон, стати інвалідом або студентом, отримати економічне бронювання, що призводить до стрімкого незаконного збагачення та появи нових багатіїв (з представників ТЦК, МСЄК, прикордонників та осіб залучених до схем) та збільшення недовіри до держави звичайних громадян які все це спостерігають; -зниження довіри та поваги до України як держави з боку тих країн, що її підтримають у війні.Таким чином ухилення від мобілізації залишається актуальним викликом для українського суспільства, особливо в контексті продовження військових дій та необхідності збереження незалежності країни.Ляшенко Н.О., Лаптій В. М. Національний технічний університет «Харківський політехнічний інститут», м.Харків, Україна НАСИЛЬСТВО ЩОДО ДІТЕЙ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN WAR CONDITIONS Військові конфлікти є одним із найгостріших викликів для суспільства, які мають серйозні наслідки для цивільного населення, особливо для дітей.Вони створюють умови, за яких діти стикаються з багатьма формами
Acts that have the smell of violence committed by anyone will only give birth to emotional and psychological misery for the other person who is the goal or target. Acts of violence committed by anyone will only give birth to misery for the other party. Violent behavior can occur anywhere, in public places (public), at school, in the office and at home, even in places where violence seems impossible. Domestic violence is certainly different from violence in other places, be it the perpetrator. the causative factors, the process of forming violence, the forms of violence and their intensity. Domestic violence is violence that occurs in the household where usually the male sex (husband) abuses verbally or physically against women or children. Domestic violence perpetrated by mothers and fathers against their children is interesting to study which aims to obtain or obtain information about domestic violence as a reflection of the differences between men and women so as to encourage the formation of violence against children in the family.
Violence against children is a subject of wide-ranging discussion, which has been gradually taking up more space over the years both in academia and in the media. This qualitative study deals with a literature review of some of the most recurrent forms of violence experienced in childhood: sexual exploitation and abuse, psychological violence, neglect and physical violence. In continuity, we present some possible causes of violence against children, and in conclusion, we point out the consequences of the abuse endured while in childhood. These situations of family violence perpetrated during childhood create afflictions in children and are the origin of childhood and teenage psychopathologies which often remain throughout adult life. Children become psychically ill due to the violence they suffer or witness within the family, seeing as what should be their safe space becomes the captivity in which they must live with the tormentors whom they support, since they are children.
Marcus Levi Lopes Barbosa, Denise Regina Quaresma da Silva, Fernanda da Silva Amaral
BACKGROUND: Natural disasters are increasingly affecting a larger segment of the world's population. These highly disruptive events have the potential to produce negative changes in social dynamics and the environment which increase violence against children. We do not currently have a comprehensive understanding of how natural disasters lead to violence against children despite the growing threat to human populations and the importance of violence as a public health issue. The mapping of pathways to violence is critical in designing targeted and evidence-based prevention services for children. We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles and grey literature to document the pathways between natural disasters and violence against children and to suggest how this information could be used in the design of future programming. METHODS: We searched 15 bibliographic databases and six grey literature repositories from the earliest date of publication to May 16, 2018. In addition, we solicited grey literature from humanitarian agencies globally that implement child-focused programming after natural disasters. Peer-reviewed articles and grey literature that presented original quantitative or qualitative evidence on how natural disasters led to violence against children were included. The authors synthesized the evidence narratively and used thematic analysis with a constant comparative method to articulate pathways to violence. RESULTS: We identified 6276 unduplicated publications. Nine peer-reviewed articles and 17 grey literature publications met the inclusion criteria. The literature outlined five pathways between natural disasters and violence, including: (i) environmentally induced changes in supervision, accompaniment, and child separation; (ii) transgression of social norms in post-disaster behavior; (iii) economic stress; (iv) negative coping with stress; and (v) insecure shelter and living conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Service providers would benefit from systematic documentation to a high-quality standard of all possible pathways to violence in tailoring programming after natural disasters. The identified pathways in this review provide a foundation for designing targeted prevention services. In addition, the positive coping strategies within certain affected families and communities can be leveraged in implementing strength-based approaches to violence prevention.
Ilan Cerna-Turoff, Hanna-Tina Fischer, Hani Mansourian et al.
