This paper reveals the importance of understanding the prevention of violence against children, especially in school environments. This is important because until now, cases of child abuse have continued to rise. The focus of this paper is to understand the understanding of child abuse in the perspective of the prophet's hadith. This research is more oriented towards how violence against children occurs in the school environment, revealing hadiths that talk about child abuse, and how to understand violence against the child in the Prophet's hadith. From here it is necessary to have a reference source on the issue. Based on the analysis of the isath and matan hadith in question, it can be concluded that the understanding of violence against the child in the perspective of hadith is oriented to three things, namely violence as a form to condition the child's responsibility, violence as a form to condition the child to be disciplined, and violence as a form of conditioning the child to be polite. It is from these three things that child abuse can only be done depending on the situation and the condition itself.
Violence against children can be physical, mental, or sexual; injury and abuse, neglect and negligent treatment, maltreatment, or exploitation. It can happen in any setting—at home, in the community, school, workplace, and online. And for many, the perpetrators are someone they trust—their parents, caregivers, family, neighbours, or teachers. However, children living with disabilities or with HIV/AIDS, those living in extreme poverty or in institutional care, and those who are homeless or are migrants, refugees, or asylum seekers are at higher risk.
Objective: This study examines violence against children as a persistent social and legal problem that threatens minors’ physical, psychological, and moral development and undermines the effective realization of their fundamental rights. While existing scholarship has extensively analyzed offender profiles, particularly cisgender male perpetrators, the victimological–ecological characteristics of child victims and their role in the emergence, concealment, and recurrence of violence remain insufficiently explored. Method: The research employs a qualitative legal and criminological approach, drawing on the analysis of national legislation, doctrinal literature in victimology and criminology, judicial and investigative practices, and findings from forensic psychological and psychiatric examinations. Systemic, logical, and comparative methods are used to identify victimogenic factors arising from interactions among offenders, victims, and their social environments. Results: The findings demonstrate that child victimization is strongly influenced by age-related psychological vulnerability, dependency on offenders, exposure to family violence, emotional instability, and structurally embedded helplessness. These victimogenic characteristics not only increase susceptibility to violence but also facilitate crime concealment and heighten the risk of severe consequences, including suicidal behavior. Novelty: This study advances victimological scholarship by shifting the analytical focus from offender-centered explanations to an integrated victimological–ecological framework, emphasizing prevention through early risk identification, reinforcement of protective factors, and coordinated legal, psychological, and social interventions.
Violence against children is a public health issue that has implications on a child's health and well-being throughout their lifetime. To prevent violence, it is important to understand the factors associated with violence against children. This literature review aims to determine these factors in Indonesia. A total of 1,025 articles published between 2018-2022 were screened from Garuda, Google Scholar, and DOAJ databases. After applying specific criteria and objectives, 16 articles were selected for this review. This review highlights that there are individual, interpersonal, community, and institutional factors that contribute to violence against children. The individual factors that contribute to violence against children include children's knowledge and attitudes, while interpersonal factors such as parental characteristics and the quality of parent-child relationships. Parental characteristics including education, occupation, socio-economic status, and knowledge, as well as the parent-child relationship in terms of parenting and family environment. Community factor is described through the influence of social media. Institutional factors in schools include the traditional bullying practices, the lack of standard operating procedures, and the social environment. It is essential to consider these factors when developing strategies to prevent violence against children in Indonesia. Abstrak: Kekerasan terhadap anak merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang memiliki dampak kesehatan pada kesehatan dan kesejahteraan anak di sepanjang hidupnya. Pemahaman mengenai determinan kekerasan anak diperlukan agar dapat dilakukan berbagai upaya pencegahan terjadinya kekerasan pada anak. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kekerasan terhadap anak di Indonesia. Penelusuran artikel melalui database Garuda, Google Scholar, dan DOAJ. Dari 1.025 artikel yang terbit pada tahun 2018-2022, 16 artikel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria dan tujuan kajian. Determinan kekerasan terhadap anak terdiri dari faktor individu, interpersonal, komunitas, dan kelembagaan. Faktor individu meliputi pengetahuan dan sikap anak. Faktor interpersonal meliputi karakteristik orang tua, hubungan anak dengan orang tua dan teman sebaya. Karakteristik orang tua mencakup pendidikan, pekerjaan, status sosio-ekonomi, dan pengetahuan orang tua, serta hubungan anak dan orang tua melalui pola asuh dan lingkungan keluarga. Faktor komunitas digambarkan melalui pengaruh media sosial. Faktor kelembagaan meliputi tradisi bullying, ketidaktersediaan standar operasional prosedur, dan lingkungan sosial di sekolah. Faktor-faktor tersebut perlu dipertimbangkan dalam pengembangan strategi pencegahan kekerasan terhadap anak di Indonesia.
This article analyzes the current state of harassment and violence against children, the opinions of scholars, and ways to prevent harassment and violence against children. It also discusses improving legislation to address the problem of harassment and violence against children, raising public awareness, and strengthening the mutual cooperation of entities carrying out activities to protect children from all forms of violence.
The World Study on Violence against children noted that violence against children is never justifiable or inevitable, and that if its underlying causes are identified and addressed, violence against children is entirely preventable. This essay addresses the following questions: - what is meant by violence prevention? - how is South Africa doing? - what are the recommendations?
OBJECTIVE: Describing the profile of reported violence against children and adolescents and draw an essay on the initial effects of Law 13.010 on report patterns. METHOD: Analytic study of reported cases on SINAN - Information System on Reportable Harms (from 2013 to 2015) of violence to individuals under 19, in 53 cities of Minas Gerais. RESULTS: 1,481 cases were reported, 49.2% before and 50.8% after Law 13.010 came to force (p = 0.5501). There was a 7% decrease on female reports and a 27.2% in male reports (p = 0.0055). It was noticed a change in report patterns (p = 0.0023), with a 130.7% increase to neglect/abandonment reports and a 33% decrease to sexual abuse report. Higher rates of violence from the parents happens at the 1 to 9-year-old age group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Main victims were women, individuals from 15 to 19 years, with aggression happening within the household; after Law 13.010, changes to patterns of victim and offender profiles and of kind of violence were noticed.
Daniella Fagundes Souto, Luciane Zanin, Gláucia María Bovi Ambrosano et al.
Introduction: Child violence is a public health problem and is defined as any type of action or omission that may harm physical or psychological integrity, freedom or the right to child growth and development. In Brazil, as provided for in article 227 of the Federal Constitution and article 13 of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA), abuse against children are the object of mandatory notification, predicting penalties for professionals who fail to communicate the cases of your knowledge. Since 2011, child violence, regardless of its type, has been part of the list of compulsory notification in Law 4.730/2011, implying the doctor the duty to notify, as well as to assume civil and criminal liability on the case . Objectives: To analyze the training of the students of the fifth and sixth year of the medical course regarding knowledge and conduct in the face of a suggestive picture of violence against children and adolescents in the various scenarios of practical action. METHODS: This is a quanti-quarter, transverse, exploratory characteristic descriptive study. As a method of data collection, the application of questionnaires containing open and closed questions, adapted from the questionnaire proposed by Dossi (2009), was used. The sending to students of the 5th and 6th year of medicine occurred electronically. The ethical criteria defined by Resolution No. 510 of the National Health Council (CNS), promulgated in 2016, were obeyed on research involving human beings, being respected voluntary participation and anonymity of the study population, using the free and informed consent form (Tcle). The research was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) and obtained its approval. 4. Results/Discussion: A total of 40 (forty) answers was obtained. Regarding the participants’ profile, it was observed that 70% of participants are white ethnicity, 72.5% cisgender women and most aged 20 and 30 years old (77.5%). Students defined childhood violence broadly, recognizing it as any kind of physical, psychological and/or moral damage that can directly or indirectly compromise the physical or mental integrity of children. Among the types of child violence mentioned are physical, psychological and sexual aggression. A participant also stressed the importance of considering nutritional, vaccination and educational neglect. One third of the inmates reported having had some kind of experience in their clinical practices with situations suspected of child violence. Although most students (77%) consider themselves able to identify and communicate situations of violence, 95% say they are unaware of flows and protocols to follow. 5. CONCLUSIONS: Data reveals gaps in the preparation of students to deal with child violence. One third of them did not have classes or discussions on the subject, while 32.5% received only one class and 35% had up to 3 classes on the subject. These findings highlight the need to improve the training of professionals in the field, ensuring that they are prepared to deal with such situations, as well as promote the well-being of children in different situations of violence.
Lays Costa Silva, Elizabeth Alt Parente, Ana Beatriz Azevedo Barbosa Mambreu et al.
Currently, many criminal acts are often committed, such as violence. Violence is an arbitrary act committed by someone with the aim of causing physical or psychological harm. Parents have an important role to protect and protect, but instead acts of violence against children are carried out by those closest to them, such as parents. Child Victims of violence who are part of a society whose development is immature both physically and psychologically require special assistance in handling it. This study aims to determine the emergence of factors that cause victims of physical violence against children in the Gorontalo region to reduce the number of victims of acts of violence against children. Which examines the existence of violence perpetrated against children. Data collection was done by interview technique. So a way is needed so that acts of violence against children are not continuously carried out and strict action must be given by the government to the perpetrators who commit violence. So it is deemed necessary to emphasize the regulations that have been implemented in the government, especially Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning child protection
Moh. Tri Mulya Hadju, Kindom Makkulawuzar, Rusmulyadi Rusmulyadi
BACKGROUND: Parenting programs based on social learning theory have increasing empirical evidence for reducing violence against children. Trials are primarily from high-income countries and with young children. Globally, we know little about how parenting programs work to reduce violence, with no known studies in low or middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examines mechanisms of change of a non-commercialized parenting program, Parenting for Lifelong Health for Teens, designed with the World Health Organization and UNICEF. A cluster randomized trial showed main effects on parenting and other secondary outcomes. We conducted secondary analysis of trial data to investigate five potential mediators of reduced violence against children: improved parenting, adolescent behaviour, caregiver mental health, alcohol/drug avoidance, and family economic strengthening. METHODS: The trial was implemented in rural South Africa with 40 sites, n = 552 family dyads (including adolescents aged 10-18 and primary caregivers). Intervention sites (n = 20) received the 14-session parenting program delivered by local community members, including modules on family budgeting and savings. Control sites (n = 20) received a brief informational workshop. Emotional and physical violence against children/adolescents and each potential mediator were reported by adolescents and caregivers at baseline and 9-13 months post-randomisation. Structural equation modelling was used to test simultaneous hypothesized pathways to violence reduction. RESULTS: Improvements in four pathways mediated reduced violence against children: 1) improved parenting practices, 2) improved caregiver mental health (reduced depression), 3) increased caregiver alcohol/drug avoidance and 4) improved family economic welfare. Improved child behaviour was not a mediator, although it was associated with less violence. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneously bolstering a set of family processes can reduce violence. Supporting self-care and positive coping for caregivers may be essential in challenging contexts. In countries with minimal or no economic safety nets, linking social learning parenting programs with economic strengthening skills may bring us closer to ending violence against children.
Lucie Dale Cluver, Yulia Shenderovich, Franziska Meinck et al.
